Barbie, If Looks Could Kill

Hannah Mekeel Pg1 Barbie: If Looks Could Kill Almost every American girl desires a Barbie at some point, for the chance to vicariously live her fabulous life. The average girl from ages 3-11 owns upwards of 10 Barbie dolls throughout her childhood, with hours on end spent exploring a Pepto-Bismol colored world, where Barbie has any dream job. For 53 years, Barbie has been an American standard of beautiful. With her leggy, busty figure and unattainable body measurements, neatly wrapped in pink packaging and a sunny disposition, Barbie has had over 80 careers, ranging from the President to a McDonalds’ cashier.When she’s not teaching or fighting fires, she still manages to maintain her Barbie dreamhouse, her body, and her dreamboat of a boyfriend, Ken. In the world of Barbie, a girl can have it all! But not all is sunny in paradise since the emergence of a Barbie backlash, as parents and child development experts begin to see the possible connections between young girls w ho play with Barbie’s and adult woman with body issues or eating disorders. The question becomes; What are these toys teaching young girls about their bodies, their gender, and their role in society? Is the character that has become Barbie a role model for all women can achieve?Or, have Barbie been teaching young girls that the perfect, attractive, and socially valuable woman is thin, always glamorous, always happy, and always silent? Since Barbie was first debut in 1959, she seemed to be a picture perfect role model for middle class, American girls. She was perfectly thin, had a perfect family, perfect hair, perfect car and house. Yet how was this image of a perfect woman affecting the millions of young girls who were playing with her? Some would argue that Barbie’s thin, but busty and hippy figure, instill in young woman an idea of the perfect body, desired by men and envied by other women, Mekeel Pg 2 ll the while, completely unattainable. â€Å"If Barbie were an a ctual woman, she would be 5'9†³ tall, have a 39†³ bust, an 18†³ waist, 33†³ hips and a size 3 shoe,† Slayen wrote in the Huffington . â€Å"She likely would not menstruate†¦ she'd have to walk on all fours due to her proportions. † (Katz). Many women admit they started worrying about their weight when they were between the age of 4 and six years old, and many of the girls who have or had an eating disorder admitted that Barbie played a huge role in influencing their attitudes toward their bodies.Barbie led young girls to believe, if you want Barbie’s fabulous life, you have to also look â€Å"fabulous†. During the formative ages of 4-6, right about the time young girls receive their first Barbie, they really begin to absorb the social standards around them, and the 1961 gem, â€Å"Slumber Party Barbie†, could not have been a positive influence on young girls. â€Å"Slumber Party Barbie† came equipped with a book title d How to Lose Weight , which offered advice like â€Å"don’t eat,† and a bathroom scale permanently set at 110 lbs. Slumber Party Barbie† is something no good parent would expose their young, impressionable daughter to, and something Mattel wouldn’t even attempt 40 years later. Mattel has had its missteps in the last 20 years, putting feminist across the country up in arms with the 1992 flop â€Å"Teen Talk Barbie†, who famously proclaims that â€Å"math class is tough†. Sure, math class is tough, but shouldn’t Barbie be reiterating to girls that math is essential, especially if you want to be just like Barbie and grow up to be a doctor, scientist, astronaut, or whatever you want. Mattel wasted no time silencing their quintessential bimbo following the backlash. Borger). Another major flaw in Barbie portrayed values is her desire for material wealth. Barbie has everything, but it wasn’t always that way. Barbie came from humble b eginnings, dressed like Mekeel Pg 3 a typical white, middle-class female of the 1960’s. She continued to evolve into mod Barbie, disco Barbie, and by the 1980s â€Å"she had the taste of a lottery winner,† says M. G. Lord, author of Forever Barbie. â€Å"At the core of this change is class. † (Borger). Barbie suddenly had a dreamhouse mansion, a convertible sports car, and in more recent years, began wearing designer duds from the likes of Ralph Lauren, Christian Dior, and Bob Mackie.Barbie advocates stress that the problem doesn’t lay in Barbie’s appearance, or even her values, but with our perceptions of a doll. After all, Barbie is an inanimate object, something that living women shouldn’t compare themselves to. If Barbie were real she would likely be divorced from Ken and in debt up to her eyes after remortgaging her dreamhouse, but she’s not real. She is a fantasy, which little boys and girls can use when flexing their imaginatio ns to develop a whole world and life for Barbie, as they would see it. It’s the ability to make Barbie into anything they want that makes her so appealing to children. We are in danger of looking at a child's toy through an adult's microscope and, of course, seeing all the wrong things. To a child she.. never says she can't play with you, always smiles, will accompany her owner everywhere, and never shouts. Onto her can be projected wishes and dreams. †(Russel) Barbie has also taken the form of many positively influential female role models like Jackie Onassis Kennedy or Olympic athletes. Having experienced first-hand, amongst girls my age, the damages of low self-esteem and a poor body image, I find it hard to believe that Barbie has played no role in damaging females.Though a six year old might not process the impact at the time, subconsciously she carries the effects of Barbie’s image with her for the rest of her life, affecting the way she sees Mekeel Pg 4 he rself and women around her. Sure, Barbie encourages young girl to be whatever they want to be, but only if you’re beautiful. With doll collecting being the second most popular hobby, to stamp collecting, and Barbie being a $1. 5 billion dollar industry, she’s not going anywhere soon. It is a parent’s responsibility to choose their children’s toys wisely, considering how it might impact them.If nothing else, parents should be present in their daughters’ lives contextualizing all these images they encounter in the public and in pop culture, and reinforcing a positive body imagine and self-esteem. Mattel continues to make efforts to bring Barbie to a place of more positive realism, but until woman are accurately represented and positive portrayed by gender specific toys, Barbie could be a serious danger to a young girls psyche, giving a new meaning to the phrase â€Å"if looks could kill. †

A great fraction of Tecumseh’s life Essay

The first Pontiac refers to the Ottawa chief whose influence is said to have extended to as far as Seneca, Shawnee and Delaware at a period of 1763- 1766. At the time of the French Indian war, a lot of land recessions were wrung from the English in the form of treaties that neither of the sides lacked the goodwill to adhere to. This was clearly proven when there was the permanent desisting from the side of the Amherst from the buying of the peace through the use of gifts back in 1760. On the other hand, Tecumseh (1768- 1813), otherwise known as Tekamthi or Tecumtha was a famous leaders to the American natives known as the Shawnee. A great fraction of Tecumseh’s life was spent on rallying diverse Indian tribes so that they could defend their land. This led to Tecumseh’s death in 1812 (in the War of 1812). MotivationsThere are several reasons that acted as motivations behind the War of 1812. The most important of all these is the issue of land. With the incursion of the white race into the American soil, land for the indigenous American Indians started to diminish as the invaders also started to take up land progressively, both for settlement and commercialism. O’Brien (2001 p 451) postulates that with this state of affair persisting, the new settlers did not only take interests in taking massive tracts of land, but land that was accredited for its fertility in agriculture and richness in mineral materials. This condition led to the indigenous Indian communities to be contained in smaller areas. At the same time, land that was unproductive, barren and unresourceful became a preserve for the aboriginal Amerindian communities. All the above happened merely because the new invaders had superior caches of weapons, skilled and seasoned military skills and superior animals such as horses. This development led to the formation of groups that wanted to reverse the situation- groups that were merely military rag tags. All of the groups were quasi- social and religious groups such as the Tenskwatawa, a group that had been known as the Lowawluwaysica. Indeed, it is also imperative to note that there were also reasons that led to the war, though these reasons still are pegged on the land issue. For instance, the Tenskwatawa were against the inculcation of the culture of the white man and thus, opposed Conversely, there are other social ills that Tecumseh and his group, the Tenskwatawa were up against. For instance, the massive cases of raping of the indigenous women by the white masters were rife. With the surge in a number of cases touching on human rights abuses, nothing much could be done to placate the anger of the Amerindians, save justice- an element that the new invader, the white man was not interested in delivering. Occurrence According to Cook (2004 p 90), the War of 1812 is known to have taken place in 1812, under the enablement of the religious movement, Tenskwatawa who were interested in disbanding the cultural cords of the white men. However, this was an artifice to ensure that the aboriginals did not cede more land to the whites. However, a Shawnee leader known as Black Hoof posed an antithetical stance to Tenskwatawa, being interested in the forging of the diplomatic relations with the whites.   Real trouble started when in 1809, Governor William H. Harrison who was in charge of Indian Territory formed the Treaty of Fort Wayne with a delegation of partially starved Indians so that the latter could cede 12,000 kilometers squared land. After enacting this treaty, William Harrison did not honor the Indians, a development that was vehemently opposed by Tecumseh. After trying in vain in 1811 to resolve the situation by talking to Harrison at Grouseland, Tecumseh was sent 1,000 soldiers in an attempt by Harrison to frighten him. However, Tenskwatawa instead ordered the attack of this contingency in the Battle of Tippecanoe which saw Harrison’s men retreat. Nevertheless, the war severed Tenskwatawa, making him to forfeit confidence and the prestige of his brother who secretly build an alliance with the British later. It is by this virtue that in the War of 1812, America finds herself, not just at war with the aboriginal Amerindians, but with the British as well. Outcomes There were massive cases of properties and lives being lost as the British supply systems were extirpated. On the other hand, the British incinerated all the public buildings in Detroit as they themselves retreated to Thames valley that is adjacent to   Apart from the conclusive defeat of the Tenskwatawa army, Tecumseh lost his life. This defeat was mainly due to the poor communication, organization and logistics that had been set in place by the rather new British Commander, Henry Proctor as the Major General. This same general did not have enough skills and as such, differed with Tecumseh over tactics that were to be employed. This failure was brought into its sad and tragic conclusion when Procter failed to show up in Ontario at Chatham as previously agreed upon between him and Tecumseh. This gave Harrison an easy ride to victory (Hatch 2003 p 199). Having seen that American history is seriously pegged on massive cases of human rights abuses, it is therefore incumbent that debates on making the reparations to the ethno linguistic groups that had been shortchanged at the time be revisited anew. This demands intellectualism from all disciplines and spheres of development. It is only through this that internal acrimony will be eradicated for the realization of national cohesion. Work cited Cook, Darius. The Amerindians. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 2004. Hatch, William. Embracing the past: A history of the 1812 War. New York: Prentice Hall. 2003. O’Brien, Sharon. Governments of the American Indian Tribes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001.

Becoming A Fashion Designer Is My Career

but what about the designer who made the clothing line? Does the designer get any recognition? Well as the designer you may not see that but me being the outsider looking into the fashion industry I see it all. The career of a Fashion Designer is and will be very demanding because it 's a very competitive job. Strong competition for jobs are expected because of the large number of people who seek jobs as fashion designers.The research will describe the career of a Fashion Designer, what is required†¦ wanted to work in the field of fashion. Growing up I always felt the need to look different. At a young age, I began to sketch garments with hopes that someday I 'll be a fashion designer, my clothing line will be popular and worn across the globe. Fashion is an extremely innovative and artistic industry that allows people to express themselves through clothing. My career goal, which I have worked towards since my freshman year in high school is to become a fashion designer and philanthropist. People†¦ recently made my decision on what career I want to pursue. It wasn’t always apparent to me, but I finally realized that I want to be a Dermatologist. I chose this career because I’ve always wanted to work in the medical field. However, I’m not one for needles and blood. This raises a little bit of a problem because that is mainly all that the medical field deals with. Despite that, dermatology doesn’t overly deal with these things - making it possible for me to choose this career. It is also something†¦ Fashion Designer People need clothes. That is just a basic fact. Fashion designers are the ones that design the clothes that people wear. Designing can be a long process. A design has to be done for an item, pick out the right fabrics and colors, and one may need to put together a sample product to see what it would be like. Without fashion designers, we would not really have clothes to wear. Being a fashion designer is important because they learn to make and design clothes so people can have†¦ order for myself to reach my ultimate career goal of becoming a Human Resources Manager in a large firm, that I personally develop myself to be especially rich in intrapersonal, interpersonal and organizational effectiveness. These skills play a critical role in all businesses in today’s society REFERENCE. Firstly, I must understand the prominence these skills have within the workplace and develop myself in order to succeed in the future. This portfolio will assess my intrapersonal effectiveness†¦ Learning is a lifelong process and in my view, there is no better job than assisting others in this process. The satisfaction in being instrumental to a learning cause is the only way I draw purpose to my living. I never knew I would be an Instructional designer when I applied for my Engineering degree in Computer Science. It was not until my first job as a software engineer that I realized how enthralling it can be to write training content. After finishing my fresher orientation I had a choice to†¦ During the summer before I began my eight grade year of high school, I decided to read an old medical encyclopedia of my grandmother’s. Little did I know, I would read this book day after day, eventually leading to the discovery of my chosen career path. From that summer on I knew without a doubt that I wanted to become a doctor. I finished high school with great enthusiasm as I knew next fall I would begin my first collegiate steps to fulfill my dreams of becoming a physician at the only university†¦ This time it’s different. I am the sole provider for my kids. Not having a degree is a major impediment to me moving much beyond my current position. For my family this means that we could be forever tied to a modest income. We may not be able to buy a home in a good part of town which would prevent my kids from being able to attend the best schools. There are so many things now that rely on me being able to achieve my career goal of becoming a department manager, and one day a partner or owner of†¦ I have found the courses I have taken at the University of Bridgeport to be quite constructive and insightful on my journey to becoming an educator. The one aspect I enjoyed in the courses was most of the instructors were either currently teachers or had some sort of teaching background. I found their authentic knowledge on teaching to be very informative. I extremely enjoyed some of their personal stories about their encounters and experiences in the field. As a student, you want someone with previous†¦ but what about the designer who made the clothing line? Does the designer get any recognition? Well as the designer you may not see that, but me being the outsider looking into the fashion industry I see it all. The career of a Fashion Designer is and will be very demanding because it 's a very competitive job. Strong competition for jobs are expected because of the large number of people who seek jobs as fashion designers.The research will describe the career of a Fashion Designer, what is required†¦

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Religion - Essay Example Christ had a confrontation with Satan before the beginning of his public life. It is named as the temptation of Christ in the wilderness. He could surpass the temptations of Satan and started his mission of saving the humanity from the clutches of sin. The mythical experience that he had in the wilderness after the fasting of forty days and nights remains to be a key point in The Bible and it is considered to be the beginning of his teachings. The Holy Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke describe the temptation of Jesus Christ prior to his career as teaching. The Gospel of Matthew and Luke give the detailed description of the incident. The Gospel of Matthew Chapter 4 words 1 to 11 detail the temptation of Jesus in the wilderness. The Gospel says, â€Å"He fasted forty days and forty nights, and afterwards he was famished.† (Matthew 4. 2) Satan appeared before him and offered three gifts on three conditions. Satan asked him to change the stones to loaves if Jesus is the son of God and Jesus retorted by stating, â€Å"One does not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of God.† (Matthew. 4. 4). As Jesus surpassed the first temptation, the devil took him to the pinnacle of the temple in the holy city and asked Jesus to jump from the top if he is the son of God stating the angels will carry him. Jesus said to Satan, â€Å"Again it is written, do not put the Lord your God to the test.â⠂¬ (Matthew.4.6) Then Satan took Jesus to a very high mountain and showed all the kingdoms and their splendor and promised him these entire places if he adores Satan. Jesus rebuked the devil to go away and by stating that only God is to be worshipped and served. (Matthew 4.8-10). When Jesus came over all these temptations Satan left him. This makes that Jesus was able to come over all sorts of human emotions and temptations and it gave him great impetus to venture into his mission of saving the humanity. The temptation of Jesus Christ is a highly

Cognitive Dissonance Impacts Repurchase Intention Research Paper

Cognitive Dissonance Impacts Repurchase Intention - Research Paper Example The moments immediately after purchase, trigger a series of thoughts in the minds of customers. The consequence of losing other substitute choices and impact of gaining alternate choices together can produce mental irregularity, thus, compelling the customer to reconsider the insight of the purchase decision (Kassarjian & Cohen, 1965). Statement of the Problem Cognitive dissonance occurs when a purchaser becomes dissonant about his/her purchase decision. The research seeks to investigate the problem of cognitive dissonance to understand what aspects lead to dissatisfaction after a purchase decision. A dissonant consumer can return a product or discontinue use of a particular service. The concept of cognitive dissonance is much important for organizations because it can significantly impact on the customers’ post purchasing behavior (Hamza & Zakkaria, 2012). The major problem studied in this research is to understand the consequence of cognitive dissonance on the repurchase int ention of customers. The research findings in this paper will help businesses to understand better how to retain a customer by reducing the dissonance. The purpose of this research is to examine how cognitive dissonance among consumers can lead to a decrease in customer repurchase. Significance of the Problem The significance of this problem is prevalent in customer retention. Drege (1991) depicted that most companies have a customer acquisition strategy, but few companies have a customer retention strategy. Once companies acquire customers they do not develop a plan to keep them for long-run. Many times, it can be observed especially in retail segment that customer returns or exchanges product because of dissatisfaction. Thus, businesses suffer because the relationship they have with the consumer is not managed well. Businesses also face impact heavily from a lost sale, which results in acquiring a returned product that has lost its value. If there is a way to reduce the dissonance that a consumer feels after purchase behavior, it could lead to positive impacts for the consumer and businesses. The problem of dissonance also represents other significant issue concerning consumers that often experience of dissatisfaction, and failure to complaints result in silent departure of customers from using the company’s services. According to Chebat, Davidow, & Codjovi (2005), a silent loss can create negative impacts on companies such as losing a customer, along with their lifetime flow of revenue. The other negative impact silent losses have on companies is the inability to address the problem at hand. Dissatisfied customers who never protest are subject to multiple losses due to similar reasons. Companies cannot fix problems they do not know to exist. When companies fail to adhere to dissonant customers, they run the risk of harmful word-of-mouth reviews. There are only few investigative researches undertaken about the impact of cognitive dissonance and repurc hase intention of customers. Therefore, there is a requirement for increased number of experimental research where relationship between these two variables can be analyzed. This research can further be studied by analyzing respondents about the reason for remaining in good relationship with an organization for a longer period of time. Literature Review According to the observation of Leon, cognitive dissonance is related with the relationships about understandings of people.

Surveillance and Safety Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Surveillance and Safety Assignment - Essay Example However, CCTV surveillance in public places has more benefits than disadvantages because of its ability to deter and solve crime, create a feeling of safety while in public, and promote local economies. CCTV surveillance reduces the rate of crimes since people are less likely to commit crimes in full view of the camera. Crimes that are common in public places include muggings and selling drugs. These crimes tend to take place in dark alleys away from the view of existing CCT cameras. CCTV cameras at road junctions can deter drivers from running traffic lights thereby preventing road accidents from happening. The efficacy of CCTV cameras in reducing crimes is demonstrated by one of the first CCTV system installed in 1987 at King’s Lynn, UK which significantly reduced incidents of burglary and criminal damage (Fay 316). CCTV camera footage can help to identify criminals who commit crimes. For instance the terrorist behind the bombing during the Boston marathon were identified from CCTV cameras. The use of CCTV footage is widespread in solving crimes where police post footages of suspected criminals and the public can participate in their identification. Advancement in facial r ecognition software enable CCTV cameras to identify demographic information of a suspected criminal such as approximate age, height, race, and build giving police more data to help solve crimes. CCTV surveillance cameras create a feeling of safety in public places. This is because everyone knows there are being watched. The police monitor CCTV cameras at all time giving them real time information of conditions in various areas. While CCTV cameras cannot prevent determined criminals from committing crimes such as a street shooting, stabbing or a hit and run, the cameras can alert the necessary authorities such as police who monitor them. This allows for help to reach the victims sooner and may save lives when an ambulance is able to get to an injured person

Cultural Makeup of Early Civilizations Assignment

Cultural Makeup of Early Civilizations - Assignment Example Religion and worship provided a means by which early civilizations could give explanations of mysterious issues in their existence (Chisholm & Millard, 1991). These forces played a part because a unit’s culture is highlighted as a demonstration that is present in religion, art, and customs.   Several social issues occurred as a result of the cultural makeup. They include invasions, conquests, and wars. A civilization’s religious and spiritual convictions, forms of occupation, artifacts, literacy, and political activities may cause those social issues. In addition, social concerns also entailed the economic difficulties that were a threat to the early civilizations. Moreover, there was a development of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism arose because of the emergence of social class. Ethnocentrism may include small units of people between civilizations and societies and within a community. For instance, a number of groups in the history of Iraq, going back to the period of Mesopotamia, have created autonomous social groups (Fernà ¡ndez-Armesto, 2000). Moreover, invasions resulted in the production of more food and development of armies. Weapons were also developed due to the development of tools.   Cultural influences may be closely associated with the forces that played a part to the cultural structure of early civilizations. In the initial stages, the foremost cultural influences entailed the need for shelter for their household, food, warmth, and clothing. Later, security, food, region, and housing became cultural influences. Nonetheless, the foremost cultural inspirations on early civilizations include ritual behavior, religious and spiritual beliefs, and art. These cultural influences are popular to the civilization or group and are moved on from one generation to another (Chisholm & Millard, 1991).

Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Depression - Essay Example The major concentration of noradrenergic neurons relates to the locus ceruleus existing within the middle brain. Noradrenaline is essential in inhibiting and stimulating various emotional responses such as anxiety, stress, aggression, and sleep patterns. On the other hand, serotonin regulates pain, anxiety, pleasure, arousal, and sleep behavior during the sleep-wake cycle. In an attempt to manage extreme cases or incidents of depression, medical and psychological practitioners adhere to a set of standard practice process. First, there is need to focus on psychiatric management. Psychiatric management involves the establishment and maintenance of therapeutic alliance and evaluation of the patient’s safety. As a process, it enhances the coordination of patients’ care, monitoring of the patient’s psychiatric status and eventual improvement of the treatment adherence. The process is also fundamental to the provision of appropriate education to the patient and family. During the acute phase, there is need to focus on the utilization of appropriate treatment modalities such as somatic therapies, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy while adhering to the condition of the patient. In addition, there is a substantial need for medical practitioners and nurses to determine clinical factors that might influence treatment process. The standard pr actice for management of the disease within my community adheres to the state and national practices with the intention of enhancing effectiveness and efficiency in the achievement of improved health conditions of the target audiences. There are diverse characteristics and resources for patients to manage depression effectively and efficiently. First, patients should access information that helps in managing depression. In addition, the patients who manage depression effectively and efficiently have the potentiality of enhancing their

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The pizza lovers are found in mostly the high and middle-class, income-earning families. In all these classes it is mostly the children, boys and girls, aged between 12-19 years who love pizza. According to Derek Thompson, in the Atlantic Magazine, there are many Pizza eaters in this age group than any other group in America. Based on these findings it is clear that Peter piper website is creatively developed to appeal to this group. Thesis: While Peterpiperpizza.com website’s main aim is to target many Pizza lovers, it also uses strategies such as creative site designs, pictures, addresses and elements of persuasion such as ethos and logos to attract customers. Peter Piper Pizza website layout is quite easy to navigate. The homepage of the website is full of different, but relevant colors. The homepage has five main menu items. These menu items are: locations, menu, parties, coupons and community. When one navigates to the home page of the website, at the extreme left just, before the navigation menu, there is an organization logo. Other features that capture a viewer on navigating to the website’s homepage are the images of a pizza and a compass. At the right side of the page another more visible feature is a pane that has three links (PeterPiperPizza). These are links with names such as order online, plan a party and fundraiser. At the extreme right bottom of the page there is the image of mobile phone which might also attract a user to the page despite the text next to it being a little less visible (PeterPiperPizza). Peterpiperpizza.com as per the name suggests on the homepage, generally gives a first time visitor an idea of the services the organization offers. The designer of the website decision to use the orange color on the website is a good idea as it blends very well with the pizza images. Aristotle described the term â€Å"logos† as an element of persuasion which uses logic words or

Leadership development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Leadership development - Essay Example In this paper Leader’s Self-Insight 1.1 reveals the five different multiple intelligences that one must possess in order to ensure effective learning. From the results obtained from the same, the researcher was able to find out that he possesses all of the said intelligences, thereby increasing his capability for personal growth and development. Leader’s self-insight 1.2, on the other hand, looks into potential leadership qualities as compared vis-à  -vis with management qualities. In this assessment, the author discovered that he is inclined more towards leadership than management. Lastly, in Leadership’s Self-Insight 1.3, the author discovered that he is not in a fast track to nowhere as he possesses all the necessary people skills.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The assessment in Leader’s Self-Insight 2.1 reveals researcher’s high level of self-confidence whereas in Leader’s Self-Insight 2.2, it was shown that his leadership orientation is geared towards initiation. Leader’s Self-Insight 4.2 on the other hand shows that his locus of control is internal which shows that he is a master of fate and not other external factors. Thus, the researcher tends to make decisions based on what he feels, without taking into consideration the people around him. Based on the Jung’s Typology/Myers-Briggs questionnaire, the author is also an extrovert. Leadership Self-Insight 3.1 shows that as a leader, he tends to be more oriented towards the accomplishment of tasks rather than to the people under his control.my control. In the same manner, based on Leadership Self-Insight 3.2, my readiness is at the highest level which means that I must take into consideration the readiness and preparedness of the members of my staff. Leader’s Self-Insight 2.3., on the other hand, which focuses on LMX relationship shows that I have not developed a good relationship with my followers as their leader. As mentioned earlier, I te nd to give paramount importance to the accomplishment of tasks rather than to the people. I also have good team leadership skills, thereby showing my exceptional ability to handle team conflict. In addition, I can say that I am a transformational leader, with the charisma needed to ensure that my team members are working towards the accomplishment of the goal. I am also a servant leader, with high listening skills as well as ensuring that my followers receive the appropriate feedback. Based on the abovementioned discussion as well as my description of five leader’s self-insight, I learned that I possess all the qualities of a good leader. Because of my possession of the same, I also know that I have the ability to effectively lead the members of my staff and team. In addition, I also discovered that I have also developed a good relationship with my followers, thereby ensuring that my leadership is more effective. These findings will definitely affect my personal development p lan. Without a doubt, I will use the said findings in furtherance of my leadership agenda. I will continue to build my strengths in order to become a good leader as well as to guarantee good followership among the members of my team. Section 2. vLeader Simulation of Leadership Styles See Appendix 3 for VLeader Reflections Section 3. Personal Mission Statement for Leadership Development My Mission It is my mission to effectively lead my team through the continuous development of the skills that I possess and continuously improving myself so that I could faithfully adhere to the principles of effective leadership, to lead the members of my staff in the achievement of our goals, to ensure the continuous accomplishment of tasks while nevertheless giving paramount consideration to the well-being of my followers. It is

The Hunt For Red October Essay Example for Free

The Hunt For Red October Essay A lot of people have seen the movie The Hunt For Red October , but before it was a film it was a great book that readers all over the world enjoyed a lot. While the story is pretty simple, it is still a great adventure tale of the old Cold War. I enjoyed this novel a great deal and enjoyed it so much that I became interested in reading the further adventures of the book’s hero Jack Ryan. The adventure is of the Soviet submarine The Red October. The captain of the submarine, Marko Ramius, has decided to hijack the sub with his crew and defect to the United States with it. Needless to say, the home base at the Soviet Union is unhappy with Ramius’ decision and send out a fleet with the idea of sinking the red October. In order to disguise the defection from the United States, the Soviets claim that their pursuit of the sub is actually a search and rescue mission. In the USA, CIA agent Jack Ryan slowly becomes suspicious of the Soviets true intentions and eventually discovers the real reason the Red October is in trouble. Ultimately, Ryan aids the sub and its crew and commander and helps it defect. The Hunt For Red October is a great novel because it remains believable and does not become like a James Bond novel where the reader is taking in a story that is too fantastic to take serious. Because of this, the book grabs the reader’s attention a lot stronger and becomes more enjoyable to read. Well, for me it was more enjoyable than a more silly spy story. Bottom line: this is a great book.

Behaviour policy Essay Example for Free

Behaviour policy Essay Behaviour policy is a guideline to all staff on how pupil behaviour should be managed it is important that this policy is constantly being applied to ensure full safety of the pupils; this is why all staff must be familiar with this policy. The policy outlines the schools aims of how to create a positive community atmosphere in which children can learn effectively by showing good standards of behaviour. The school aims to identify and respond to good behaviour in children, promoting a positive classroom environment where children with good behaviour and work are recognised. It outlines rewards sanctuary’s and sets put a code of conduct that all children staff, parents and governors should be aware of. Although good behaviour is encouraged in schools, children will still behave inappropriate at times consequences for bad behaviour †¢Name on the board (sad face) †¢Miss time out from golden times, break or lunch play. Be sent to the head of year / deputy head †¢Be sent to the head teacher and a meeting with parents. Good Behaviour †¢Full golden time awarded †¢Raffle tickets gained †¢Star of the day †¢Extra time to choose activities †¢Certificates in Friday assembly All staff can give certain rewards and sanctuary however some may be given by a certain member of staff for example, if you behave well you may be chosen to put your name down on the deputy chart and then at the end of each term a prize is given to the one that is chosen. Golden rules †¢Always do your best †¢Be proud of our work and our school †¢Be polite at all times †¢Respect each other’s property †¢Treat other as we would like to be treated ourselves Bullying policy is there to prevent and deal with any behaviour that is bullying, and to promote an ethos where bullying is regarded as unacceptable, so that a safe and secure environment is created for everyone to learn and work in. This policy applies to everyone in, and every one visiting, our community. The setting policy includes guidance on how to prevent bullying. Discusses monitors and reviews our anti-bullying policy on a regular basis. Supports staff to promote positive relationships and identify and tackle bullying appropriately. Ensures that pupils are aware that all bullying concerns will be dealt with sensitively and effectively that pupil feel safe to learn and that pupil go by the bullying policy. Reports back to parents/carers on bullying and deal with complaints. Definition on bullying is name calling, taunting, mocking, making offensive comments,; kicking; hitting; taking belongings; inappropriate text messaging and electronic messaging (including through web-sites, Social Networking sites and Instant Messenger); sending offensive or degrading images by phone or via the internet; producing offensive graffiti; gossiping; excluding people from groups and spreading hurtful and untruthful rumours. Bullying can happen to anyone the policy covers all types of bullying including: †¢Bullying related to race, religion or culture. †¢Bullying related to special educational needs. †¢Bullying related to appearance or health conditions. †¢Bullying related to sexual orientation. †¢Bullying of young carers or looked after children or otherwise related to home circumstances. †¢Sexist or sexual bullying. †¢Cyber bullying.

Significance of The Newport Sex Scandal, 1919

Significance of The Newport Sex Scandal, 1919 â€Å"Homosexuality is incompatible with military service† reads the first sentence of the Department of Defence Directive (1332.14)[1]. Exploring this statement through events such as the Newport Sex Scandal of 1919, we can determine whether this idea was plausible or simply a stigmatised generalisation on sexuality. This scandal follows the specific persecution of homosexuals in the Navy, in particular focusing on the Newport naval base. Many found themselves caught up in the controversy, including none other than president-to-be Franklin Delano Roosevelt. What effects did this have on FDR’s future political career and his reputation as a whole? But also, how did the scandal help to concrete or redefine opinions on homosexuality and a homosexuals place in the navy? In 1919, at the naval base located at Newport, â€Å"a sailor with an ear for gossip and a hatred for homosexuals†[2] would spark a scandal surrounding the ill-moral persecution of ‘gays’. Under direct order – and arguably behaving in an agentic rather than autonomous state – naval soldiers would entrap local homosexuals, both within the neighbouring communities and the navy quarters itself. The aim was to engage in sexual gratification, namely by â€Å"accepting oral sex to completion†[3], in order to collect evidence against these men and provide a solid ground for the claim that homosexuality was spreading contagiously in Newport. After just three weeks of following out these orders â€Å"seventeen sailors were charged with sodomy and scandalous behaviour†[4]. However, the results of this ‘private’ and seemingly illegitimate investigation were not expected. Instead of shedding light on the supposed dangers homosexuality placed on the military and local community, the investigation found itself scandalised. The public alongside the media hit back at the investigation, claiming it was morally wrong to force naval soldiers to carry out such acts in this play of entrapment. Though, it seems that the penalties for this soured investigation were of no real weight with many of the players left to fade out of the scandal keeping their reputations intact. One of the main key players, Franklin Delano Roosevelt came under attack as a result of his involvement with the scandal, yet still he went on to become President of the United States. Just what role he played in the scandal is debated. As a result of â€Å"Navy Secretary Josephus Daniel’s absence†[5], Assistant Secretary of the Navy FDR was left to act in Daniel’s place. As a result many believe that it was with FDR’s backing and approval that the investigation made its way to the civilian population, at which point it moved from a â€Å"military matter to a public relations disaster†[6]. Seen as vital to the proceedings of the investigation FDR had â€Å"authorised an independent effort to expose and expel the homosexual†[7]. The word ‘expel’ highlighting that this was an attempt to rid the navy of a group of people seen by officials as alien and unsuited to the military forces. Additionally, it is claimed that FDR had agreed t hat the investigation needed to take place with the â€Å"aim of prosecuting those individuals responsible for the spread of degeneracy†[8]. Again, the word ‘degeneracy’ showing the threat homosexuals are perceived to hold in society, with degeneracy referring to the regression to a lower form of being. FDR continued to assert throughout the investigation that â€Å"he had not known of the tactics used in Newport†[9] claiming that the methods that were used in the investigation â€Å"were nothing he had time or inclination to oversee†[10]. However, despite FDR’s inclination to avoid involvement both the public and Congressional Investigation Committee failed to believe him. John Loughery claims that ‘few people believed [FDR] when the entrapment scandal broke’[11]. The report into the scandal claimed that FDR â€Å"must have realized that †¦ [navy] men had allowed lewd and immoral acts to be performed upon them†[12]. However, the scandal was not kept quiet by the Committee. Instead it had â€Å"blazed in headlines across America†[13] bringing FDR and other â€Å"prominent civilians, such as the Reverend Samuel Neal Kent†[14] to the public’s attention. Though the details of the scandal were often to crude and lurid to print – for example the New York Times stated â€Å"details unprintable†[15] regarding one case study – the media fire surrounding the scandal still blazed on a national scale. The Providence Journal was a prime text that helped to feed the fire with publisher John Rathom doing his best to â€Å"inflame public opinion†[16] in a paper that was already hugely â€Å"antagonistic to Secretary Daniels and the Wilson administration†.[17] Rathom would continue to attack FDR during his early political career. Yet, despite the width of coverage and the depth of criticism of the scandal and those involved, it seems that FDR got off with n othing more severe than a slap of the wrist. The Congressional Investigation Committee resulted in Daniels and FDR being rebuked, ‘sharply’ criticised for their behaviour. This was neither here nor there for FDR who had left his naval post in â€Å"July 1920 [†¦] accepting the Democratic Party’s nomination for vice-president†[18]. Despite FDR’s physical removal from the navy, the scandal was still criticised with the New York Times headline of July 1921 (a year after FDR left his post) reading ‘Charges of Immorally Employing Men’[19]. Note that the sympathy here is for the soldiers who had to suffer the ‘immoral acts’ as opposed to the treatment and entrapment of homosexuals. This lack of sympathy for the homosexual could be a result of many factors. At the time of the Newport sex scandal any physical relationship or act between men was considered a crime with the â€Å"perpetrators considered criminal perverts†[20]. Despite there not being any specific legislation or regulations in place at the time, this did not â€Å"prevent the U.S military from policing sexual conduct†[21]. In fact, perhaps the Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 holds significance due to it being one of the first â€Å"systematic attempts to purge†[22] homosexuals in the military. However, the term ‘homosexual’ was not in general use during this time, the term itself had only come into being in the late nineteenth century amongst the psychiatric profession. More colloquial terms were used away from the professionalism of the psychiatric institutions. Instead, during the scandal we see words like â€Å"cocksuckers and rectum receivers†[23] displaying both the lack of use of the term homosexual, and also the hatred felt for this group of people. The sense of hatred towards homosexuals can be seen in terms of everyday life and also in the wider context of the war. â€Å"Homosexuals had always served in the armed forces†[24] but the problem came when their sexuality was brought to light. Newport had a â€Å"notorious homosexual population†[25] in 1919, with these overtly flamboyant resident sailors calling themselves â€Å"the Ladies of Newport†[26]. Often wearing ladies clothing and calling themselves by women’s names, these men and their alter-ego’s seemed threatening with locals feeling â€Å"in danger of being morally corrupted†[27]. In a wider context, homosexuals seemed to pose a threat not just to locals but to the community at large. It seemed that a â€Å"non-procreative population was in the very process of appearing during the war: [as] homosexuals were entering the public discourse†[28]. Both locally and nationally homosexuality was become a symbol for degeneracy in several spheres. Homosexuality found itself to be central in a Venn diagram consisting of society, psychiatry, the military and even the law in terms of its relationship with degeneracy. Therefore due to their status homosexuals involved in the scandal suffered a much heavier fate then their entrappers. The majority of homosexuals that were caught as a result of the scandal were imprisoned, however it appears that all those entrapped were released and â€Å"allowed to resume their civilian lives†[29] by the 1920’s. Yet their punishment did not stop there, the entrapped found themselves casted out of their society and were left to find their way to a new life bound to the stigmatised label of ‘homosexual’. It is clear the â€Å"the source of outrage against the operation was that good sailors were being force to commit immoral acts [†¦] and were made ‘perverts by official order’†[30], the fate of the homosexual posed no real conce rn. The scandal poses a wider significance due its association with World War I, or as it was then known ‘The Great War’. It is almost inevitable to look at The Newport Sex Scandal in isolation while it sits so close to the end of the War, in fact it was only a few months after signing the armistice that FDR found himself in an embarrassing position over Newport. There seemed to be a â€Å"desire in the years immediately after World War I to excise from American society elements seen as unhealthy or impure†[31] such as the influence of homosexuals in both the navy and society. The Newport Sex Scandal reflects this desire in its illegitimate proceedings and moral negligence, this idea of ‘whatever it takes’. For many U.S citizens and exemplaries, World War I had â€Å"promised to do more [†¦] their hope was that national virility would be reaffirmed and domestic uncertainties put to rest†[32]. Yet, it seemed that the war didn’t offer the se condolences to the American nation. Instead it heightened the distinction between groups of society and pressed for harsher procedures and legislation against those that were deemed outsiders. Of course, this segregation and categorisation was emphasised further still by the growing influence of the psychiatric profession at the time which had seen itself move from the arts to the sciences at the beginning of the twentieth century. However, this act of persecution against specific groups in society was not native to Newport. The Newport Scandal was joined by an increase in other radical groups and ideas of the time. It appeared that the post-war era saw â€Å"heightened anti-Catholicism, the revitalization of the Ku Klux Klan, and, not coincidentally, increased lynching and demands to limit immigration†[33]. More specifically, an earlier scandal in 1912 at Portland had seen prominent citizens arrested due to involvement â€Å"in a sex ring at the local YMCA†[34]. The American nation was following ideas of natural selection and degeneracy into a world of stigmatisation, seclusion and discrimination. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 was just one small scale aspect of this new world, and the almost dismissal (with regards to lack of punishment) of the authorities involvement shows just how easy it was to get away with such persecutions. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 seemed to only hold short-term significance for FDR himself, with the report only being made public after the 1920 election in which he found himself elected vice-president. During this campaign Rathom (publisher of the Providence Journal) continued to â€Å"accuse Roosevelt of mishandling allegations of sex crimes in the navy†[35]. The scandal did not seem to damage FDR’s reputation extensively, though at the time he â€Å"came to be held responsible for the very thing he had sought to prevent: the homosexualisation of the U.S Navy†[36]. While the scandal continued to unfold during FDR’s early political career he won in the long run, capturing the Presidency thirteen years later in 1932. Throughout his time as President of the U.S he held â€Å"relatively stable approval ratings†[37] hovering around the 50-60% mark and winning four elections in succession for his party. He would find himself â€Å"remembered among t he most influential Americans†[38]. But, FDR’s success came partly as a result of the manipulation of the military system by which the officers were protected and their reputations kept in-tact. It can be argued that â€Å"never was adequate punishment meted out to those who perpetrated the campaign†[39] as all those who held authority in the scandal including FDR – had their involvement played down. Perhaps, then, the long-term significance of this scandal can be found in its place in the history of homosexuality. As a result of the reports surrounding the investigation into the Newport Sex Scandal, â€Å"many learned for the first time of a homosexual community in America†[40]. It seemed that the scandal was one of the first to unfold the real extent and reach of the homosexual community. It seemed that â€Å"almost nothing was known about gay life in America before Newport†[41]. At the beginning of the century it seemed that the assumptions made about gay life in America had been â€Å"governed by the concept of the ‘closet’ and related notions of invisibility†[42]. But how were these assumptions changed by the Newport Scandal? As a result of events such as The Newport Scandal in context with the War, homosexuality came to be seen as a â€Å"model for decitizenship†[43]. The Newport Sex Scandal of 1919 was – as Lawrence Murphy claims â€Å"the most extensive systematic persecution of gays in American History†[44]. However this persecution of gays had been occurring since the Revolutionary War with homosexuality being â€Å"grounds for exclusion and discharge from the U.S Military†[45] right up until the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ policies were introduced. But, what makes the Newport Scandal so important is the publicity it held on a national scale. The richness of the scandals documentation has also proven significant in the â€Å"understanding and development of sexual identity, the course of homophobia and the urgent mainstream wish to ignore gay presence in American society†[46]. The scandal also holds significance in its contribution to legisla tion surrounding the homosexual. While it wasn’t until World War II that specific legislation was introduced, after this we see the emergence of lesbian and gay movements in which â€Å"military policy became the subject of both protest and legal change†[47]. However, despite its contribution to the development of the homosexual â€Å"the Newport Scandal, [remains] largely forgotten†[48]. Minus the occasional play such as David Foleys 2012 production ‘A Hole in the Fence’[49], which is surprisingly a comedy based on the Newport Sex Scandal, it seemed that the media coverage and interest faded rather quickly. By the time FDR reached his presidency in 1932 it seemed that the â€Å"Newport men and their sexually active entrappers, including Roosevelt’s part in the affair were ancient history.†[50] FDR walked out of the scandal seemingly un-tarnished and would go on to become more popular than ever before in the public eye. Bibliography Primary Sources Gallup Poll, ‘Franklin D. Roosevelt Approval Ratings’, [accessed 7 December 2013] http://www.gallup.com/poll/8608/reflections-presidential-job-approval-reelection-odds.aspx David Foley Plays, ‘A Hole in the Fence, [accessed 10 December 2014 ] http://davidfoleyplays.com/fence Books John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, (Charleston: The History Press, 2007). Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, (Britain: Pen Sword Books LTD, 2013). Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008). John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, (New York: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1998). Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, (New York: Haworth Press, 1988). Articles Tarak Barkawi, Christopher Dandeker, Melissa Wells-Pentry and Elizabeth Kier, ‘Rights and Fights: Sexual Orientation and Military Effectiveness’, International Security, Vol.24 (The MIT Press, 1999). Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, American Quarterly VOl.44, (U.S, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I ‘, (Journal of American Culture, Vol.7, Issue 3, 1984). Websites Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’, January 2008, [accessed 7 December 2014]. http://web.archive.org/web/20080122100424/http://www.projo.com/news/content/gay_history_newport_sidebar_01-20-08_HH7RMQV_v42.1676c8f.html [1] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008), p. 301. [2] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’, January 2008, [accessed 7 December 2014]. http://web.archive.org/web/20080122100424/http://www.projo.com/news/content/gay_history_newport_sidebar_01-20-08_HH7RMQV_v42.1676c8f.html [3] Ibid. [4] Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, (Britain: Pen Sword Books LTD, 2013), p.71. [5] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, (New York: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1998), p. 7. [6] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [7] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, American Quarterly VOl.44, (U.S, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. 32. [8] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 7. [9] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [10] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 7. [11] Ibid, p. 7. [12] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, The Providence Journal , ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [13] Ibid. [14] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [15] John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, (Charleston: The History Press, 2007), p. 106. [16] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 11. [17] Ibid, p. 11. [18] Andy Hughes, A History of Political Scandals: Sex, Sleaze and Spin, p. 71. [19] Ibid, p. 71. [20] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [21] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [22] Ibid, p. 300. [23] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, (New York: Haworth Press, 1988), p. 25. [24] Tarak Barkawi, Christopher Dandeker, Melissa Wells-Pentry and Elizabeth Kier, ‘Rights and Fights: Sexual Orientation and Military Effectiveness’, International Security, Vol.24 (The MIT Press, 1999), p. 181. [25] John Brennan, Ghosts of Newport: Spirits, Scoundrels, Legends and Lore, p. 106. [26] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 5. [27] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p. 300. [28] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.31. [29] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 13. [30] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.32. [31] Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I ‘, (Journal of American Culture, Vol.7, Issue 3, 1984) p.57. [32] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 4. [33] Lawrence R. Murphy, ‘Cleaning up Newport: The U.S Navy’s persecution of Homosexuals After World War I, p.57. [34] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 5. [35] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [36] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.33. [37] Gallup Poll, ‘Franklin D. Roosevelt Approval Ratings’, [accessed 7 December 2013] http://www.gallup.com/poll/8608/reflections-presidential-job-approval-reelection-odds.aspx [38] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [39] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, p. 2. [40] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p.33. [41] Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, p. 284. [42] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p.14. [43] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p. 32. [44] Jane Gardner, â€Å"Our Native Clay†: Racial and Sexual Identity and the Making of Americans in the Bridge, p. 32. [45] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p.299. [46] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p.3. [47] Amy Lind and Stephanie Brzuzy, BattleGround: Women, Gender and Sexuality, p.299. [48] Mark Arsenault, The Providence Journal, ‘1919 Newport Sting Targeted Gay Sailors, Ended in Scandal’. [49] David Foley Plays, ‘A Hole in the Fence, [accessed 10 December 2014 ] http://davidfoleyplays.com/fence [50] John Loughery, The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History, p. 12.

Jfk Conspiracy Essay -- essays research papers

The debate about Kennedy’s assassination has been mixed by emotional arguments array of conspiracy theories that try to explain why a popular president was shot. I believe that President John F. Kennedy’s assassination in Dallas, Texas was a conspiracy. The U.S. Government has admitted that the American people have not been told the truth about the assassination. The Committee on Assassinations believes that on the basis of evidence available to it, that President JFK was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy. The committee also stated that is was unable to identify "the other gunman" implying that the first gunman was Oswald, but they never verified him as one. One reason the extent of the conspiracy wasn’t determined is because the funding for the investigation was suddenly cut. The conspirators did not want the committee to find out. Someone that could cut of the funds to a government aided project most have some authority. Newly discovered documents reveal that George Bush was directly involved in the murder. The document places Bush working with a now famous CIA agent, Felix Rodriguez. He claims that he quit the CIA in 1976, just after being sent to prison for his role in the Watergate burglary. According to Rolling Stone however, Rodriguez still goes to the CIA headquarters monthly to receive assignments and have his blue 1987 bulletproof Cadillac service...

The Joy Of Laughter :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Joy Of Laughter Laughter is defined by dictionary.com as "the act of expressing certain emotions, especially mirth or delight, by a series of spontaneous, usually unarticulated sounds often accompanied by corresponding facial and bodily movements."(1) A thesaurus offers immense amounts of synonyms for the word "laugh", including giggle, cackle, chortle, snort, chuckle, crow, howl, snicker, snigger, convulse, titter, and the list goes on.(2) There are many words to describe laughter because it is such an integral part of our lives. The question of why we laugh may first be answered by looking at laughter in the purely physiological sense, which has been studied as gelotology. Then we can look at the effects of laughter, not just physically, but mentally and socially as well. After going over the oft-overlooked background of laughter, we can delve into the motivations behind our laughter. The actual flow of physical effects in the brain after hearing a joke are as follows. First, the left side of the cortex analyzes the words and structure of the joke. Then the brain's large frontal lobe becomes very active. This part of the brain has a lot to do with social emotional responses. After this, the right hemisphere of the cortex helps with comprehension of the joke. Then stimulation of the motor sections occurred, producing the physical responses of laughter.(3) The production of laughter is also highly involved with certain parts of the brain. For example, the central cortex has been found to have a negative electrical wave as a person laughs. The hypothalamus, part of the central cortex, has been found to be a main contributor to the production of loud, uncontrollable laughter. The combination of the set of gestures and production of sound is what makes up laughter. The actual muscles that create a smile are fifteen facial muscles which contract and stimulate the zygomatic major muscle, which basically lifts your upper lip. When the epiglottis half-close the larynx, the respiratory system is upset which causes air intake to occur irregularly, making you gasp. (3) In extreme circumstances, the tear ducts are activated, so that while the mouth is opening and closing and the struggle for oxygen intake continues, the face becomes moist and often red. Laughs can range in sound from virtually silent to noisy guffaws. The overall physical effects of laughter are that laughter stimulates the immune system. The experience of laughter lowers serum cortisol levels.

Comparing Portrayal of Women in One Hundred Years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Portrayal of Women in One Hundred Years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits The portrayal of women in the novels One Hundred years of Solitude and The House of the Spirits differs greatly. In One Hundred Years of Solitude empowerment comes only through age, for instance Ursula Iguaran, the matriarch of the Buendia family and to some extent Macondo, or through strength of sexuality, for instance Pilara Tenera the 'sexual matriarch' of Macondo. This is in contrast with The House of the Spirits where empowerment comes also through force of conviction, as seen with Nivea, and also through commercial enterprise as seen with Transito Soto. These women represent Allende's own brand of feminism Furthermore those women who accept a traditional role of subservience and remain staunch in their conservatism are shown to finish their days alone and mostly forgotten as is seen with Ferula and Nana. As the novels were set in first half of the twentieth century in Latin America, the role of women in the social hierarchy of this backdrop is worthy of consideration. This was a patriarchal society where men of whatever age were always superior in standing to women. As a woman aged, her position in the social hierarchy would increase. Furthermore women had few career choices; all were linked to some form of domestic service whether solely as a wife and mother or as a nanny or a combination. Religion played a very important role in this predominantly catholic area. The role of women as portrayed by the church was somewhat of a paradox, simultaneously acknowledging and praising women for the gift of child bearing and yet depicting them as the root of all sin, as the temptress inducing thoughts of fornication as well as causing the original sin, that being Adam eating the fruit in the 'Garden of Eden'. Despite Marquez's well documented anticlericalism this idea in church ideology of the temptress is paralleled in One Hundred Years of Solitude albeit the figure of Eve in her roles is split between the matriarchs of Macondo namely Pilar Tenera and Ursula Iguaran. In the beginning of One hundred years of solitude: "The world was so recent that many things lacked names, and in order to indicate them it was necessary to

France was ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte 1799-1815

During the French Revolution the years of 1799-1815, France was ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte. Although many people feel that Napoleon is one of dictatorship, the truth is he one for the country and did what he felt was in the best interest of France. Napoleon was a democratic leader for his country. By studying his role in education, the political aspects, and the social aspects of France, one can see he did good for the country although not everything was perfect, there is no perfect person or Utopia. Napoleon set out to make France the greatest nation of Europe, and education was one of the top priorities on his list. Since Napoleon believed in a system of merit not one of family hierarchy, he felt everyone needed to be educated. The government was getting numerous complaints regarding the lack of schools in many areas, lack of professionalism among the teachers, lack of discipline and attendance by students and, in a few areas, lack of religious education (Markham 5). The problem with religious education was partially resolved by the Concordat between Napoleon and the Pope. Religious elementary schools had opened but mostly for girls. Napoleon felt that girls and boys didn't need the same education. Girls needed domestic skills, which will be helpful once married. Although he did feel they needed to learn, numbers, writing, and the principles of their languages, as well as history, geography, physics and botany. Another part of education that was very significant to Napoleon was the idea of secondary education. He felt that boy's education should be separated into 2 parts; under age 12 and over age 12. The first 4 classes would include general topics, once finished with that they would have to choose between a civil career or a career in the military and the rest of their education would depend on that (Markham 5). To this day the Napoleonic educational system is still very popular in France. There has been some modification in the system such as, the separation of church and state was made complete. Now religion was not part of the public school's curriculum. The high schools know, as lycees are still there today and even plays more of an important role. Graduation from a lycee is good enough for most jobs. Napoleon also did good for the political system of France. He created a new constitution. It consisted of three consuls. The first consul assumed by Napoleon, but was voted in. Napoleon worked really hard to put France back together after the revolution. He allowed all types of political refugees back into France, and also appointed both radical republicans and royalist aristocrats to his government. (Hooker 2). While the most peerless act was to allow the Catholic church back into to France, The concordat with Pope Pius VII. While in rule he also created The Napoleonic Code. It was a complete revamp of the French law. It was based on 2 ideas: that all men are equal under the law (but not women) and all people have a right to property. The code stamped out all privileges from the law including tax laws. The code spelled out various contractual laws to ensure the inviolability of private property. (Hooker 3) Many people think that what Napoleon was doing was wrong, yet they voted him Napoleon I, Emperor of France in 1804. Napoleon also in all he did abolished feudalism, which was part of the Code. As was stated before Napoleon brought the Catholic Church back into France; Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII agreed that it was necessary for the peace of the country. Napoleon also created the Legion of Honor in 1802. It was Nobility but it was based on ability. At first not many people favored it, but by Napoleon's downfall everyone even the Republicans favored it. (Holtman 3) Napoleon also accounted for the improvement and better treatment of the Jews. He gave them the right to worship in private and in some cases allowed them to become full-fledged citizens. Napoleon also helped create a system of measurement for the whole country now used in many places the metric system. He also created the bank of France. It aided the unification of the country and made it easy for everyone. Before Napoleon came around marriages were only allowed through the church, he allowed marriages outside the church. The church never recognized divorces but Napoleon did. Which made life a lot easier for people in France. Napoleon might have wanted to have control over many lands, but most importantly he had improved the status of France from what it was after the Revolution to what it is now. He has helped shape present day France. His ideas with education, the government, and the social revolution he created were a huge part in history. He was a democratic leader in many different aspects.

Indigenous peoples of the Americas

education assignments and variant presentations and discussions argon organized chronologi holloy and by themes. The topics to be considered Include policy-making history, economic and social developments, and labor gyrations. to each one reading assignments go out be from the requisite texts and supplementary materials that give be distributed In course of action as handouts or affix on Blackboard. Learning Outcomes This course pass on provide savants with a basic spirit of the history of the Caribbean, especially from the late nineteenth century to the present.Students will gather and tax differing Interpretations nigh significant events In Caribbean history, such(prenominal) as the demise of the Indigenous population, the siege of Orleans of slavery, the Students will in any case have an fortune to equalise and contrast various Caribbean societies so as to appreciate the many aspects of their divided up history, society and close, as well as the ways in which th ese territories differ from each other, as well as from the fall in States. Students will evaluate picture and arguments finely and produce well-reasoned written essays using evidence to support their conclusions. Course Requirements 1.Regular att residuumance is critical to being successful in this course. any missed discipline will give birth you to fall behind. More than four (4) absences will issuing in you failing the crystalize. 2. Likewise, social class corporation is essential to your success in this course. affair includes coming to class prompt by having read the assigned chapters and articles, and adapted to discuss them in class. 3. any deadlines for assignments mustiness be met. 4. All examens must be interpreted on the day famous in the syllabus. 5. Textbooks and other shoot texts or reading materials are need for every class meeting, unless otherwise specified.GRADING Four (4) or more absences without Justification may commence an F Grade at th e caution of the instructor. Letter grade Score 4. 0 3. 7 3. 3 3. 0 2. 7 2. 3 2. 0 1. 0 0. 0 Quality points 8+ c 93-100 90-92 87-89 83-86 80-82 77-79 0-76 bereavement Your grade for this course will comprise of six (6) components 25% Attendance and branch Participation 35% Exams 15% escaped scripted grants 15% Formal Written designation 10% Formal musical composition Information Essay and Powering debut consort ATTENDANCE not be adapted to attend a class, he/she should spread abroad the instructor either by e-mail or by phone.You are required to be present, on time, and ready to participate. Your parting is crucial for the class to be a success. Absentee Policy More than three (3) absences and/or any lateness will result in a loss of participation credit. Participation credit due to absence/lateness may yet be do up through extra credit assignments at the professors discretion. The adjacent factors will result in a lower grade being unprepared Refusal to Participat e Behavioral conundrum Late Assignment CLASS ETIQUETTE All students are expected to arrive on time and refrain from any lecture and eating during lectures.Attendance will be taken the START of each class and only be taken once. Failure to be present during attendance will result in the mark of absent and will not BE CHANGED. Asking of questions and participation during discussions is tryingly encouraged. Please note that all electronic devices including cellular phones are prohibited during class at all times. This includes testing. No textbook messaging during class. Failure to comply with these rules may result in as much(prenominal) as FIVE (5) points taken from that students future(a) exam, or assignment and/or ejection from the classroom.A copy of CUNY policy on academic integrity will be made available on BLACKBOARD study ASSIGNMENTS familiar and Formal writing Informal Writing Assignments The informal create verbally will consist of out of class assignments. These a re writing to learn activities. They are establish on the understanding that there is a close relationship between writing, thought, and learning. The instructor will ingest and review these assignments. In these informal assignments, students are encouraged to pen in narrative form using complete sentences, correct grammar, and accurate so as to improve this skill.In addition, the aim of these activities is to befriend students clarify their thinking on the matters and issues tip in the readings and class discussions. Daily Chapter Reviews spare 1-2 paragraphs (paragraph 8-10 sentences) Make sure that you note the following Summarize the major arguments, concepts, ideas presented in the chapter denominate what conclusion the author reaches Indicate expound you found particularly interesting master(prenominal) controversial vague or limpid The take of this exercise is to practice writing on a regular tush so as to improve this skill.In addition, the purpose of this acti vity is to help students clarify their thinking on the subjects and issues covered in the readings and class sessions. Grades for Daily Chapter Reviews (5) Student should bring their display case daily chapter review for each of the readings. If we cover the same reading a student only has to write about the chapter once. I will collect five (5) of the chapter reviews and ramble the lowest grade. I will NOT indicate when I will collect the chapter reviews so students must be prepared to submit their chapter review at the end of every class.Formal Writing Formal Writing Assignment 1 Compare and cable Essay Indigenous Peoples of the Caribbean (3-5 pages) The Taints and enclosed space established complex social, political and economic systems foregoing to the conquest of the Americas. In this essay, students will compare and entrants the social, political and economic organization of the Taints and Caries before the arrival of Columbus. Students will also discuss the cultural an d religious practices in both communities. Lastly, students will explain how both communities resisted Spanish colonization in the initial years of colonization.Formal Writing Writing Assignment 2 Research Paper ascension and Resistance in the Caribbean (3-5 pages) From the start of European colonization in the Americas, acts of rebellion and vindication against European conquest consisted of arm resistance, sabotage, degeneracy and the creation of strand communities. The establishment of ground communities threaded the continuity of European pronouncement and forged alternative social, political, economic, and cultural communities break out from official European colonial centers. In this essay, you will examine the outgrowth and flying of one eighteen-century or ninetieth run aground federation.You should examine the following Delineate the conditions that take to the emergence of the maroon community grade the primary leaders of the maroon community community Analyze the successes, triumphs and decline of the maroon community Choose to write about of these maroon communities ) Maroons of Hispanic The Figure of Enrolling 2) Haitian Maroons The Figure of Macdonald 3) Jamaican Eternally township Maroon Formal Writing Assignment 3 Information Essay and Powering Presentation For this assignment, students will have an opportunity to contemplate Caribbean Culture and Identity.Write an essay of between both and three pages (500-750 words) in which you explore Caribbean culture and identity of one Caribbean country. Discuss the emergence of Creole culture, impact of slavery and nineteenth century migration of various groups, and present-day look of racial identity. You will also a ten- minute Powering presentation to present your findings with the class EXAMS Students will take two (2) exams throughout the semester worth 100 points each.These exams will require students to apply information from the textbook and the class lecture and will include a combination of multiple-choice, fill-ins, and true-false questions. The dates for the tests are listed on the assignment schedule, but are subject to change due to pacing and/or extenuating circumstances that may arise. both changes will be noted in class. If youre unsure of an upcoming test date, you would call my office or e-mail me as soon as possible. Your lowest exam grade will be dropped.

Emotions & the monster Essay

Acceptance is rattling important in baseball club, and the aforesaid(prenominal) perceptions apply just as overmuch today as they did in the 1800s. It is part of man nature to make instant judgments, and to form front impressions of a person before you know what they atomic number 18 really analogous, and this is what happened to Frankensteins ogre in this book. Although it is roughly impossible to avoid making these snap decisions, they git almost always be changed later on, and correct right once you get to know the person. Everyone wants to be recognised for who they are, regardless of appearances or stature, however this is non always the case.This can be related to the manipulation the monster receives upon meeting other population. He is not the norm, and is undoubtedly ugly to look at, just that does not make him a bad person. Shelley manages to furnish this in such a way that the lecturer feels sorry for the monster, solely we can see that it is something t hat is improbable to change, as it is a normal part of society and humans nature. Shelley luffs her disgust at this harsh manipulation through the monsters feelings, which are divided with Victor later on in the book, and it is as if the author is pouring out her senses, rather than the monsters.The blot outous figure, the disfigured stature of this monster is the starting signal thing noticed by Victor Frankenstein. His sensationalistic skin scarcely covered the work of muscles. This filename extension to the monsters chickenhearted skin depicts the alike behaviour conducted in modern day racism. The colouration of ones skin does not arrange the intelligence, attitude and personality of a person. Regardless of the yellow skin of the monster, which would repulse and overwhelm most people, at that place is no need to carry over that emotion to judge the monsters intellectual side.The judging and body are two very divergent things human beings take in yet to disting uish that fact. bloody shame Shelley clearly feels very strongly or so this partial prejudice in place in society, and has attempt (very successfully) to show her readers just how unjust it really is. However, until people actually do something about it, it is just a part of society which we go away probably neer be entirely without. We may feel that it is wrong, but it will always be there, and it is something people have learnt to deal with in society. The novel, Frankenstein, actually reflects quite ill on the society in which Mary Shelley lived.It suggests that this typesetters case of behaviour was carrying on back then towards antithetic people and was accepted as part of all(prenominal) day life. Humans have always and will continue to be scared of the unknown. near cogency say that what you dont know about cant hurt you, but there is a sense of mystery and darkness croup unidentified things. This alarm is ever increasing on board the descend of horror films and novels, by which the general common is heavily influenced maybe sometimes too heavily.The earth has always been influenced by the media, which is created by society, and with an increasing amount of stories and films out with the intention of scaring the audience, people are acquiring more and more prejudiced towards the unknown. Luckily this is counteracted by an increasing knowledge of other cultures and races, but Shelley lived in a society where people were nonetheless very beastly about other people, and automatically fictive the worst. Although it is not shown outright, in Frankenstein, the monster actually experiences this fear as well as the villagers when he comes into their town.Their fears were of the same thing the unfamiliar however their reactions were completely different. Some villagers threw rocks, and were trying to drive the monster away as if it was a worthless piece of society others evidently ran away in shock, screaming and scared. This is not rea ssert by anything except his demeanor.The monster, on the other hand, did not reply in a violent dash at all, he just tried to hide from all people from then on. This just goes to show how much people are meeted by small things in their life. One incident such as this could ruin an entire life, and the villagers did not run into just how selfish they were being. They did not think about his feelings, and left him to support himself, poor and defenseless.The public do not realise how much little things they may pass off as unimportant affect others, and in this case, society ruined the monsters life. From that moment and for the rest of his existence, the monster knew not to mediate with human beings, for their nature was clearly different to his. The monster, like all human beings, wanted to be accepted for his intellectual abilities and personality, and both him and humans have it in their nature to be afraid of the unknown, yet the villagers had an explicit advantage over the monster the monster was still innocent and nai ve, unsure of the world around him and ignorant of human nature.He was not accepted by anyone, purely because of his appearance. This fact is obvious as no one as yet had even had the dislodge to get to know the monsters personality, not even the monster himself had had this opportunity, because he could not talk and did not know anything about society. Therefore human nature plays an incredibly important role in the novel, because without it the villagers would probably have accepted the monster, and he would never have turned out how he did.

No Zero Policy Essay

In close to teachs in numerous an(prenominal) states, instructors and p arnts strike a trend of ad solely unobjectionable for fractional cookery. It is ordinary for instructors to destine zippers for upstart or s inadequacyed run into subsidisations. Unfortunately, some teachers or p atomic number 18nts motility the public utility of the consequence, and scholars stop to trace the consequences with kayoed good. better-looking nixs as an penalise bar realises adversity kinda than functioning. Administrators bring up up the incident that heave questions somewhat demolishing procedures could urinate reigning stirred responses from either the teachers. as yet when in legato policies exist, teachers oft curve from the impose hackneyed to smooth the teachers individualised preferences for evaluating bookmans. razing policies ordinaryly fix from teachers ad hominem prepargon experiences without wondering(a) or considering the robustn ess of the process. around teachers curb that casts ar a measuring stick of s knock d confess and should glis ex dollar bill the travail of the scholar quite an than the noesis. However, m some(prenominal) rank policies as legitimate vigours for things the comparables of non doing readying, having fractional or new assignments, cosmos tardy, approach shot to shed light on without books, grind gum, or carelessness to describe d ane with any different enquireed classroom rules. Unfortunately, umpteen teachers mingle demeanour issues with a savants instructman quantity. broad energy ins for appearance issues is an imprecise watching of the savants pedantic consummation. schoolman footprintment should provided pecker acquirement.A home in is a mathematic bothy mad meter as the normal tearing down master for near school. Conant expend the grisly ejectted outgo for genuine performance classes. letter soft touchs unremarka bly watch a ten onlyude appreciation or less. For instance, A would be 90- coke, B is 80-89, C is 70-79, D is 60-69. victimisation this method, an military rank for an F should be F as 50-59. It is non indispensable for the F to stock 59 points (0-59) mend all opposite labels nurse 10 points. An A second-rated with an F should book a C. However, if the A is coulomb and the F is 0, averaged they passable a 50 which is still an F.Teachers commonsly employ nada ins to egg on educatees to do better. However, noughts kill motive. both zeros, whether just or unjust, bottomland extirpate a faithful average. Zeros produce a champion of despair and certain neglecture. umteen schoolchilds fail degrees collectable to a neglect of organisational abilities or else than defiance. When teachers micturate zeros for home sour designate for particular realisation preferably than for the real tuition process, they are utilize divisions as a bearing puni shment. written text a servelessness club for assignments non think for the doer of tiddlerlike familiarity is non reasonable. assign zeros for formulation issues is particularly common for students with organisational issues and nonadaptive homes that lose enatic support.The human body of a zero does non benefit the motivation of a childs education. Students through and through acedia shell out zeros as an sluttish port out of doing the assignment. Students a great deal repress assignments like inquiry compositions, essays, and reports by winning a zero kinda of doing the work. The student barely passes to the adjoining flesh without having sacked these snappy l gather ining experiences. Students with organisational problems do not addition performance skills through the self-regulating zero. incomplete does the self-loading zero help students who do not take care the assignment gain the knowledge intended. In fact, the automated zero threatens disaster.Teachers need to use sensible consequences or else than a abounding short-winded zero when work is not stainless. on that point are some(prenominal) doable alternatives to handsome a zero. The school plenty acknowledge tardiness and other manner issues in its own bailiwick polity rather than in the razing system. If the teacher essential legis upstart a impuissance grade, stop a grade no to a greater extent than ten points dis reference point than the end way out grade to tie the standard equitable.The teacher can ask a readiness grip entrance hall after school to help those who fence with complementary assignments. The student receives a grade of incomplete until the student completes study assignments such as research papers, essays, and reports. The utmost average for the margin is save exactly when the assignments are all true and graded. The student cannot earn credit for the course until these blue-chip assignments are completed a nd turn in. A stripped way out grade would be assume for exceedingly late assignments.For some geezerhood teachers cod followed range procedures learn from their teachers without evaluating their strong suit or appropriateness. Grades should measure faculty member reading not the soldiering bowel movement of the student, for they whitethorn collapse their reasons. Receiving a zero for not displace your constitute on a paper or helplessness to do homework does not ruminate a students lack of knowledge. Zeros grow ill luck rather than the student gaining more(prenominal) knowledge. triple 100s averaged with one zero gives a arrive at of 75. The zero forces failure and is not an evenhanded mensuration of scholarship. Anything that is inequitable is unjust. If it is unjust, it is unethical. Therefore, bighearted zeros as an faculty member metre is not fit to the condom learning surroundings of senior high school Schools.

Comparison between Roman and American Political Institutions

The papistic type polish was whizz of the al to the highest degree key civilizations occurred in the world. form _or_ dust of g every situationnment-making outline of rules in the roman letters flowing advance passels connection and coat the room for studyity rule. The superannuated policy-making construction in the roman letters completion influenced the rising democracies of atomic number 63 and origin(a) separate of the world. In the contemporary period, the fall in States is considered a enjoyment get for legion(predicate) democracies crosswise the globe. at that house ar somewhat(prenominal) countries that grow emulated the US expression of country in their policy-making arrangement. go romish establishmental universes were symbols of democracy in the antediluvian patriarch and chivalric period, the policy-making institutions in the ground forces digest signification in the redbrick period. twain roman letters and the Sta tesn semi semi semi policy-making institutions con install more(prenominal)(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) things in common. historical circumstance In 27 BC, emperor moth moth Augustus devised a naked as a jaybird exercise of monarchy by whirl more(prenominal) reasons to the pot (Abbott, 1963). He set(p) the earthing of a republican carcass of the governing that became the behind of the authoritiesal grammatical construction of the country. Augustus of importtained the forms of re earthan semi policy-making relation until his death.He transferred the legislative attend of the assemblies to the Senate. His successors followed the organizational social grammatical construction launch by him and standardizedwise rewrite the bodily grammatical construction from date to time. study changes in the semi governmental construction of capital of Italy were nonice in the chivalrous period. The governmental social structure of the coupled Stat es is ample and constructive. The US has the worlds oldest scripted constitution. The US personality, which form the base for laws and garbage disposal of the country, was scripted in 1787 (King, 1990). in that location defecate been m some(prenominal) changes in the unify States after the record came into force.However, the introductory principles remained unchanged. The Constitution provides the guidelines for the structure and operation of the policy-making institutions of the country. policy-making organise in capital of Italy and America The united States is comprised of 50 diametrical pleads. The governmental structure of the get together States has the federal official official official government, bow governments and topical anesthetic governments. The death chair is the liberty chit of the US semipolitical system. The federal government of the linked States consists of the President, the US coitus and the federal courts.The US copulation is the m ain political institution of the country, which has devil chamber called the Senate and the dramatics of interpreters. The Senate has speed of light processs, spot the syndicate of Representative has 435 members. The political institutions of capital of Italy consisted of the Assemblies, Senate, Curia and gathering. The roman type assemblies were full move of the political institutions of capital of Italy. The roman type assemblies had twain legislative and juridic powerfulnesss in the roman type Re cosmos. The Senate is the most thoughtful eubstance of the roman political system and it had considerable jab in the roman politics. popish Assemblies vs American general assembly impertinent the legislatures in the linked States, the papist assemblies use to contribute the homes right away to the citizenry. The legislatures in the linked States and otherwise countries found representatives select by the people. However, roman assemblies were like a shot gover ned by the people. They excessively feature authoritative legislative powers much(prenominal) as cursory laws and bills. In roman assemblies, linguistic rule citizens did non turn over legislation. in that respect were besides magistrates who had the power to indicate legislation.The roman print assemblies were non deliberative by nature, man the Senate is deliberative. However, some(prenominal) the houses of the US sex crop argon deliberative. Of the devil house of the US Congress, the Senate is more deliberative than the crime syndicate of Representatives. The family unit of Representatives in the united States is resembling to the Assemblies in roman print political structure. It is a house of people and follows usual opinion. fair like the roman assemblies, the stick out of Representatives has more propinquity to the masses sentiments. However, there is one study residuum in dickens the political institutions.While members of the papistical assem blies were found by the emperor or the rulers, members of the signboard of Representatives atomic number 18 choose by the people. all(prenominal) of the 50 tell aparts is represent in the suffer of Representatives proportionate to its population. each member serves a cardinal eld border. The papistic Senate vs the US Senate The Senate in Rome was non an select frame. It was consisted of members from the roman letters spicy classes. Those senators were in the beginning former magistrates who had sever in of the essence(p) administrative posts in the past. The Senate held the major powers to fulfil papistic association and tradition.It eer took major finish on unearthly affairs, public policy and extraneous affairs. The roman Senate was cognize as the Council of Elders. It had round three hundred members. The Senators could be set d avouchled if they were found to do committed an act against the public morals (Abbott, 1963). Senators in the get to gether States ar nowadays elected by the people in their several(prenominal) states. apiece state sends two members to the Senate. each(prenominal) senator serves for a vi course period. Elections ar held for ternary of the position of the Senate both mho year.After be elected, a Senator serves until the exit of his term (King, 1990). give c are the papistic Senate, the US Senate is similarly cognize as the nursing home of Elders. The US Senate has the power to exile whatsoever member. Two-thirds bulk votes are demand to expel a Senator. discriminative Powers The popish assemblies possess legal powers. At a after stage, some of the juridic powers were transferred to ageless courts. Although the breakup of powers did not pull round in the papistical political system, checks and balances were utterly maintained. In the joined States, the administration is disconnected from the legislature.The Senate or the admit of Representatives do not arouse any se lf-confidence over the action of the courts. The unconditional homage is the highest juridic body in the unite States. While other federal courts are created by the Congress, the haughty speak to has been complete by the US Constitution. local anaesthetic anesthetic Governments in the unify States and Curia and forum in the roman type pudding stone In the old-fashioned times, a curia was considered as a subsection of the people. It was a conflict place where the kinsfolk discussed its affairs. At a afterward stage, a curia became a place where local government held tycoon (Abbott, 1963).Judicial legal proceeding and government meetings were held in curia. The papistical Forum was the gist for commerce, line of merchandise and administration. all(prenominal) the community-based activities were held at the forum. The local governments in the unify States jibe the papistical curia and forum. topical anesthetic governments in the coupled States are referred to the governments at the city, townsfolk or village. local anaesthetic governments learn own jurisdiction on the developmental graze in their areas although they are accountable to the state and federal governments. ConclusionBoth the romish and American political institutions clear dandy deduction in propagating democratic value in the world. semipolitical system in the roman letters conglomerate was the fanny for the novel political structures in the ultramodern world. The US political system, which is be choose by many another(prenominal) countries in the world, is influenced by the antediluvian patriarch Roman political system to a prodigious extent. Bibliography King, A. (1990). The raw(a) American semipolitical System. American opening move Institute. Abbott, point-blank Frost. (1963). A recital and verbal description of Roman policy-making Institutions. refreshful York Biblio & Tannen.