The Strength of the Nuclear Family Within the Anglo-Saxon Economy Essay Example for Free

The Strength of the Nuclear Family Within the Anglo-Saxon Economy Essay This article is about England family set up and how this is related to the economy. This is an economy which is market oriented, and capitalistic in nature. England has unusually small families. Her family structure explains how family owned businesses are run in England. Family firms in England are managed by individuals. The writer claims that small families set up in England need civil society more as they need markets and commercial services. Additionally, small families are ideal for capitalistic economies as they are open and market facing. They are associated with high GDP. The writer asserts that economies with small families have GDP per capita of around â‚ ¬5,000 which is higher than that of regions with extended and egalitarian families. Family is one of the topics learnt in sociology. A small family is usually preferred due to economic advantages accompanied with it. It is easy to sustain and provide for. Most developed countries prefer small nuclear families. Usually as a country employs policy aimed at keeping population down through encouraging small family sizes. Small families are positively associated with good economic performance. They also affect business ownership and management. Borrowing from this article, encouraging small families will benefit the society at large. I never knew that the family structures in the society affect performance of the businesses and the economy. I thought it is through management and good governance economy will grow-family sizes plays a big role This article could have discussed the optimal family size and specify how many members should a small family constitute. It could have also discussed the negative effects of small families both in the social relationships and economic performance. There is a lively debate across Europe about what is happening to our families. And there is the endless argument about the relative strengths and weaknesses of the Anglo-Saxon economic model. In my new book I try to show the links between the structure of our families and the structure of our economies. Here is an account of England in the flat language of modern sociology: The majority of ordinary people in England†¦are rampant individuals, highly mobile both geographically and socially, economically rational, market-oriented and acquisitive, ego-centered in kinship and social life. But the quotation is from a description of England in 1250 by Alan Macfarlane, the historian who together with the great French thinker Emmanuel Todd has revealed the significance of family structures. England has had unusually small families, unusually weak local magnates, and unusually free peasants. It is not just different from Papua New Guinea or Pakistan, it is also quite different from France and Italy and most of continental Europe. This difference was recognized by Montesquieu that shrewd 18th-century French observer of human cultures, who observed: I too have been a traveller, and have seen the country in the world which is most worth of our curiosity—I mean England. Just as aerial photography can reveal the outlines of some long-lost medieval village so, if we know how to look, we can discern deep features of English society that endure to this day. So for example, we attribute the long-standing weaknesses in the productivity of the British economy to our lack of a Mittelstand, the strong medium-sized family businesses of the sort they have in Germany or France. We appear to be good at starting small businesses, and some of our big companies are very strong indeed. It is the high performance, solid, long-term, high-investment medium-sized companies in the middle that we seem to lack. It is not that we have fewer family owned firms—about 30% of mid-sized British firms are owned by a family, very similar to France and Germany. But we run them differently. Englands family structure helps to explain this. In France, unlike in England, land or a firm are not the freehold property of the individual; instead, they belong to the familys bloodline with an automatic right of inheritance within the family for all the children. In England, family firms are more likely to be run as the personal property of an individual who often manages the business himself or herself. In France and Germany, family firms are more likely to be held in common by whole family and seen as long-term property of a dynasty across several generations. As a result, they are more willing to bring in professional managers to run the business on behalf of the family. In France, 31% of family owned firms are run by an external manager as against only 23% in the U. K. (It is 60% in Germany. ) Of firms still owned by the founder, 44% in France are externally managed whereas it is only 14% in the U. K. (Again, it is 60% in Germany. ) This has a big effect on economic performance: If an inherited family firm brings in an outside manager it raises returns by six percentage points, a significant improvement in return on capital. There is no single right family structure. But the Anglo-Saxon model has its advantages, too. Small families need civil society more. But it was not just voluntary societies that provided mutual support. You need markets and commercial services as well. Instead of the mutual exchanges of the extended family, small families must buy services. If we need something we turn to yellow pages, not to an uncle. For example, insurance schemes, annuities, and savings help protect you when there is no wider family with any such obligation—one reason why England has a long history in financial services. Small nuclear families are open and market-facing, and that drives a particularly dynamic model of capitalism. Even now, when you control for country-level effects, areas of Europe with Anglosphere-style families have GDP per capita of around â‚ ¬5,000 a year higher than regions with extended and egalitarian families. Indeed, they are higher than all other family forms. Over the past 30 years, they have also outgrown them. These Anglosphere economies are outward-looking and flexible so they are good early adopters of new technologies. But they may not be so good at steady incremental improvements in performance with a given technology. And sometimes, as we have seen with new financial instruments, their sheer restless innovativeness can do catastrophic damage. Nevertheless, their flexibility can sustain them in the long run: It is very possible that in this coming decade, for the first time, more than half of the economic output of the developed world will be in English-speaking countries. We cannot easily change these fundamentals of our national identities. Indeed we specialize in different activities and structure our economies differently because of them. Vive la difference! —David Willetts is Member of Parliament for Havant. His book, The Pinch: How the baby boomers took their childrens future and why they should give it back is published by Atlantic

Time Banking in the UK

Time Banking in the UK What is Time Banking? Time Banking is a way to give and receive support to build strong communities and networks to the public. One last time helps earns about one hour for the Bank (also called time credits, the balance of the benefit, or $ time). Time banking is based on the magic of â€Å"Pay It Forward, in return, is a good idea leading to another and another. Time banking is formed when individuals or organizations agree to earn and spend hours to meet friends, neighbours and the needs of the larger community. Time banks ranging from small 15-20 members and 2000 or greater; Time banks can get in touch with some also. Each time bank is a unique reflection of its members, who are, for the dreams they have for their community, and what they chose to make and receive       How to earn time credits by doing something for you; No matter what that something. In return you earn a time credit in Time bank community. For example, if someone is working for one hour in his garden is similar to one hour of babysitting is similar to one hour of dentistry is similar spending time at home repair is similar to an hour of teaching to play chess. The possibilities are countless for Time banking. (TimeBanks, 2015): http://timebanks.org/what-is-timebanking/ History of Time Banking The creation of Time Banking is back to the creation of hours TimeBank â„ ¢ in 1980, the idea came to Dr. Edgar S. Cahn; co-founder of the National Program of Legal Services, author of our brothers keeper, and founder of the school Antioch right, He suffered a massive heart attack at age of 46; He was in hospital and sickness feel useless, he think about Time Bank hours as a unique and ultimately new currency to problem solution of enormous cuts in government expenditures on social welfare. If he does not have enough money to repair the old problems of our country and our society, Edgar thinks, the new way of making money to pay people the work they have done for themselves and societies? A Time Bank hour is all about the value of contributions everyone on the equal basis. Edgar developed his academic definition of why money should work in another way. He returned to the US and started to put service credits (not yet called TimeBank hours) service. . In early years since the currency has come a bouncing ride. After the initial enthusiasm by foundations, funds for trade TimeBank time dried up mid-1990s in the era of problems to keep afloat follow. This clash turned out into a time to dig and determine what made the hours of TimeBank Time Banking and unique tools for social change. In 1997, a convention TimeBank hours helped new groups and survivors identify what works. TimeBank Hours have become the backbone of a cross age tutoring program peer success in Chicago, a Maine Time Banks Network, and an hour TimeBank Youth Court in Washington, DC Time Banks USA became the center a small exchange network of independent TimeBank across the country. The deep understanding that has evolved following years towards to unique ways of adopting and talks for hours about TimeBanking as a tool for social change. It is the most important change involved in development of theory of Co -Production described in the book of Edgar, No More Throw Away People. UK History The idea of time banking was developed at the London School of Economics; by Washington law professor Edgar Cahn in 1986, which describes the idea that working as blood bank or babysitting club help a neighbor and then when you need it a neighbor most likely another will help the system based on equality one hour of help means a dollar of time, if the task is groceries or make a statement the tax credits kept in individual accounts in a bank on a personal safety. Credits and debits are counted regularly. Some banks offer monthly balance statements recording the flow of strong relation with banks. Time credits are simply the recognition of the time and efforts put in place. They are not supposed to be reward enough, and experience in the US shows that most are never spent; but they seem to be the kind of recognition that prevents people volunteering much longer than in conventional voluntary schemes. This simplest idea uses a broker at the end of the phone, and allows people to get credit for each hour of time they help in their local community The result is a equal level economy, using time as a medium of exchange, to put those assets to work forgotten meet forgotten needs, and in so doing make connections between people and rebuild a sense of trust (New economics 2015) http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/time-banks Current Situation in UK: Weather in London banking is developing briskly and would not be as successful as it is without the great relationship between time banks. London network meets on regular basis to boost the interest of brokers and others meets to share their experiences and to help each other. We all are very lucky that we would be able to do this; our charitable donors Bridge City is the one whom we have to thank for providing us the opportunities and resources to do so. (New Year Update from London article 2015): http://www.timebanking.org/tag/london-2/ Challenges in UK: Challenge met Time banking in Wales in Cardiff and they show their passion in working together. They have a yacht race around the world 72 feet; they rent it with the discrimination of elderly and young people from 12 to 25 years are rented to increase personal and social skills, such as teamwork, communication, respect for others, responsibility in a positive way can making environment. Up to 12 people can participate in this experience together, which usually consists of 10 young people and two leaders of the group. Wales Challenge six crew on board will show you the ropes and give you the opportunity to sail the boat at all. (Time Banking UK Newsflashes April 2015): http://www.timebanking.org/category/tbuk-newsflashes/ How we implement Time banking In UK Timebanking UK will establish and appliance a source, free to use the platform to significantly reduce the barriers to entry for the creation, union or local TimeBanks management. Traditionally, the implementation of TimeBanking has been resource intensive, based on a time banking broker match supply and demand in community. UK Timebanking automates this process, reducing costs and barriers for organizations and individuals to establish and maintain a bank of time. Timebanking UK are built on proven open source software timebanking Weaver Community developed by TimeBanks US. This software will also open public; private along with community resources and make it easier to add projects timebanking scale. More importantly, promote the rapid scale by sharing time and skills; helping people to connect with one other to build sustainable communities. UK Timebanking is the national umbrella; TimeBanks linking and support across the UK, providing inspiration, guidance and practical help charity. It has more than 220 times from member banks and represents more than 20,000 timebankers throughout the UK, generating more than 1 million hours of support per year UK Timebanking would announce the following time banks that have been awarded by their Quality Mark in appreciation of best practice for: Implementation of operational use of our recommended safeguarding procedures Actively using all 3 models of timebanking Taking part in training and development activities for members and brokers Good governance practices Using coproduction for meaningfully involve members in running and development of time bank Having a long term sustainability plan Good monitoring and evaluation practices Having a comprehensive set of policies and procedures (Nesta.orh.uk 26MAY 2015, Time banking official website 26MAY 2015):  Nesta.orh.uk 26MAY 2015, Time banking official website 26MAY 2015:http://giving.nesta.org.uk/project/timebanking-uk/ http://www.timebanking.org/page/10/?sm-category#sthash.igcZgd18.dpuf How do we encourage participation? Two years ago Cheryl Hughes was a mother and housewife in Cardiff South Wales; She lacked confidence and was not sure I could achieve family life outside. She also wanted to buy goodies for your loved ones at times, but struggled financially. When he encountered Credits Timeplace time volunteering scheme, Hughes and his family were involved in the cleanup of the area and helped in community events in return for time credits that could be redeemed for holiday trips to the theater and other rewards. Hughess confidence grew and started his own local project, community mothers holding coffee mornings where people can take advantage of time to attend credits, access to a library of books and toys and more. Time credits eyes opened more than take care of my children, who of course I love to do, says Hughes. I never thought that will I be able to do anything for my dyslexia .To think this all started with garbage picking. From improving mental health to provide a door at work, now accepted wisdom that volunteering can bring many benefits to volunteers and people who are helping. But the rewarding volunteer with anything that has a tangible economic value is direct exchange has regular been controversial. Many people believe that volunteering should only be done altruistically without direct reward. Many were unhappy last year the time it was implied that volunteers receive a discount of municipal taxes. However, the rewards and exchanges are increasingly common and community groups and charities who run them feel they are useful, especially for those who are financially less well off. The currency system -Credits time taken by Cheryl Hughes is in charge of social spice company. The company has a network of local businesses and services involved in each area working in and try to unite communities through its system Time banking, the best known form for volunteers to gain something in return of their time, it has traditionally had a focus on sharing skills a person may be charged on credit obtained from an hour of volunteer work for an hour taught how to play guitar, for example. Weather banker Ian Toplis, Gloucester, said it would be unlikely to volunteer and non-profit and incentives. I really hate gardening and the main reason is that I can do something for someone and I have done my garden is a great incentive, says Toplis. I helped many of the elderly residents during digital conversion. I am out of the opinion that there are many people out there for example like me who have something to offer, but need an external drive and an extra incentive.Similar systems around the UK include your courage, Smartran Weather Miles rewards, and the Bank of attention. Community volunteer projects and have their way of either rewarding volunteers or exchange something with them. The draft community red brick building in Glastonbury all residents get cheap and event space desk but it offers their time to support local vulnerable people as part of the agreement. Voluntary schemes can see in action all over the world, too. Reward Volunteers 5.0 in the US and GEM project in South Africa both use mobile applications for volunteers to sign and hours of trade. In Japan, volunteers can deposit hours in order to cash in later life, when they could be less mobile and need help. A two-year evaluation by Spice launched last December found out that 45% of volunteers using time credits had never offered before. It does attract new volunteers and we need massive volunteer if we are to create local services, says Becky Booth, chief executive of social enterprise. The impact of spending is fantastic, he adds. For example, when we hear from people like the man who won credit for a rugby match and for the very first time in a very long time, stood up, shaved and left his shelter homeless during the day, is very encouraging. These they are the kind of results we are seeking. Time Banking UK chief executive Sarah Bird believes that such systems are the future of communities and looked at favorably by the commissioners. Were getting a lot of interest from local authorities they are interested to talk on time banks. Some have even become centers of volunteer time banking; we have a strong feelings that this is an excellent way to co-produce community services for the future she says. (The Guardian 26MAY 2015):http://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/community-action-blog/2015/mar/30/time-banking-encouraging-new-volunteers How do we evaluate effectiveness? Time banking UK to explain how they work: Participants deposit of his time on the bench giving practical help and supports each other and are able to withdraw their time when they need something done by themselves as banks and Time. The value of all the different types of assistance and skills people can offer each other on a bench in time, every individual becomes at same time giver and a receiver time everyone is valued equally. An hour = 1 time credit. Evaluation of time banks has discovered they offer a number of benefits. The time bank assessment based on green Rushey GP surgery found that seemed to have benefits for the physical and psychological health of participants, although they were aware that it was difficult to link the banks participation time directly to their benefits. Time banks look like to be more impressive than the traditional routes of volunteering in attracting socially excluded sectors of population and work well as an instrument for social inclusion. An evaluation of a number of banks Seyfang time (2003) concluded, By promoting mutual volunteer build trust; social capital, reciprocity and community self-help among people who normally would be passive recipients of external assistance (2003, p 0.703) The latest research into the economic benefits of time banksdemonstrates that â€Å"Time banks, they use hours of time instead of pounds as a community currency, cost  £450 for each member every year, it can provide savings of more than  £1300 per member in the same period. Participants add their own skills, practical help or their personal assets in return for services provided by fellow time bank members.† Governance international 27 May 2015:http://www.govint.org/our-services/engagement/co-production-tree/timebanking-co-production-tree/

Illusion vs. Reality in Macbeth :: essays research papers

What Can You Really Believe: Illusion vs. Reality in Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is reality? Do you honestly believe that everyone shows his or her true selves openly? Think again! Many characters in Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, are two-faced. Two examples of these people are Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. These characters all put on false faces to impress people or hide things from people. The witches also kept repeating a quote that has a lot of meaning. They continued to say â€Å"foul is fair and fair is foul.† (I.i.12) This means that what seems right isn’t really right and what seems wrong isn’t really wrong. So the whole play is about false faces and how someone who seems normal and innocent isn’t really.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The witches also seem to be an illusion. They are in a way human like, but at the same time they are also fake. They talked to Macbeth and told him three prophecies, which caused him to become greedy and kill King Duncan. The first time they told him what they saw was in Act 1. They said   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be King here- After! (I.i.1-6) These prophecies didn’t seem to be realistic at first. But when he was made Thane of Cawdor, because the other thane was a traitor, he began to become a little power hungry. He thought that if one of the prophecies came true, so would the other. He couldn’t wait, he told Lady Macbeth, who then made a plan to make it happen faster. Her plan was to invite the king over, kill him, and make it look like his guards committed the murder. The witches are nonrealistic as shown they made some things up and caused a lot of trouble by doing so. Also, at the banquet for the new king, Macbeth, Macbeth thought that he saw a ghost, although he was the only one who could see it. It was the ghost of Banquo, who should have become king rather Macbeth. He was sitting in the chair where he would have been sitting had he become king. This is how it was meant to be, with Banquo being king.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another example of the illusion vs. reality theme was when the witches showed Macbeth the three apparitions. They show him an armed head, a bloody child, and a child crowned bearing a tree.

Love in the Brain Essay -- Psychology Psychological Neurological Paper

Love in the Brain Does brain equal behavior? Some people have argued that they have difficulty saying it does because they find it hard to believe that our individual, tangible brain controls emotions that many consider to be intangible, such as being in love. This paper will discuss the role that the brain actually plays in love- why we are attracted to certain people, why we feel the way we do when we are around them, and whether or not this is enough to say that in the case of love, brain does equal behavior. The first stage of romantic love begins with attraction. Whether you have been best friends for a long time or you just met the person, you begin your romantic relationship when there is that feeling of attraction. But why are we attracted to some people and not to others? Some research and experimentation suggests that pheromones play a role in attraction ((1), (2), (3), (4)). Although the existence of pheromones in humans and the method by which individuals detect them is still under debate and requires further research, a study by Stern and McClintock on pheromones in women's underarm secretion gives the most solid evidence for the existence of human pheromones ((5)). It has been hypothesized that the brain detects these pheromones through an organ known as the vomeronasal organ (VNO), by receptors, or by the terminal nerve in the nostrils ((5)). Despite the fact that pheromones and how they are detected in humans is controversial, it has been suggested that selectivity for c ertain pheromones might explain why we are only attracted to certain people ((6)). Research agrees, however, that whether or not pheromones exist, they are not the only reason we are attracted to an individual. Other facto... ...at's in a name? Bioscience. July 1998: 505-511. 6) Love Chemistry: New studies analyze love's effects http://abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/love000707.html 7) Mating and Temperament http://keirsey.com/pygmalion/couples.html 8) What is chemistry and chemicals in love relationships http://www.cyberparent.com/love/chem1.htm 9) Chemicals http://dubinserver.colorado.edu/prj/swef02/references.html 10) Love in the Brain http://www.sensualism.com/love/ 11) BBC News- Health- How the brain registers love http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/820857.stm 12) My search for love and wisdom in the brain by Marian Diamond http://www.newhorizons.org/neuro/diamond_wisdom.htm 13) Bower, Bruce. Brain faces up to fear, social signs. Science News. Dec 1994: 406. 14) Biology of Love http://www.primal.es/primal/books/janov/biologyoflove.htm Love in the Brain Essay -- Psychology Psychological Neurological Paper Love in the Brain Does brain equal behavior? Some people have argued that they have difficulty saying it does because they find it hard to believe that our individual, tangible brain controls emotions that many consider to be intangible, such as being in love. This paper will discuss the role that the brain actually plays in love- why we are attracted to certain people, why we feel the way we do when we are around them, and whether or not this is enough to say that in the case of love, brain does equal behavior. The first stage of romantic love begins with attraction. Whether you have been best friends for a long time or you just met the person, you begin your romantic relationship when there is that feeling of attraction. But why are we attracted to some people and not to others? Some research and experimentation suggests that pheromones play a role in attraction ((1), (2), (3), (4)). Although the existence of pheromones in humans and the method by which individuals detect them is still under debate and requires further research, a study by Stern and McClintock on pheromones in women's underarm secretion gives the most solid evidence for the existence of human pheromones ((5)). It has been hypothesized that the brain detects these pheromones through an organ known as the vomeronasal organ (VNO), by receptors, or by the terminal nerve in the nostrils ((5)). Despite the fact that pheromones and how they are detected in humans is controversial, it has been suggested that selectivity for c ertain pheromones might explain why we are only attracted to certain people ((6)). Research agrees, however, that whether or not pheromones exist, they are not the only reason we are attracted to an individual. Other facto... ...at's in a name? Bioscience. July 1998: 505-511. 6) Love Chemistry: New studies analyze love's effects http://abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/love000707.html 7) Mating and Temperament http://keirsey.com/pygmalion/couples.html 8) What is chemistry and chemicals in love relationships http://www.cyberparent.com/love/chem1.htm 9) Chemicals http://dubinserver.colorado.edu/prj/swef02/references.html 10) Love in the Brain http://www.sensualism.com/love/ 11) BBC News- Health- How the brain registers love http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/820857.stm 12) My search for love and wisdom in the brain by Marian Diamond http://www.newhorizons.org/neuro/diamond_wisdom.htm 13) Bower, Bruce. Brain faces up to fear, social signs. Science News. Dec 1994: 406. 14) Biology of Love http://www.primal.es/primal/books/janov/biologyoflove.htm

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay -- Jane Austen Pride Prejudic

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen In this coursework I will be writing about the different marriage proposal that Elizabeth is offered by two completely different people. From the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. The three main people I will be looking at are Mr Collins, Mr Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth gets a proposal from both Mr Collins and Mr Darcy but the response she will be giving is not quite either men were expecting. I will also have further explanations on how Jane Austen’s use of language is in the proposals. Mr Collins first set eyes on Jane the daughter of Mr and Mrs Bennet to be his lawful wedded wife, but he soon finds out that she is going to be engaged to Mr Bingley. Mr. Collin's attention then changed from Jane to Elizabeth. He found her equal in, 'birth and beauty.' Mr. Collins wanted to settle the argument between his father and Mr. Bennet; he hoped to do this by marrying one of Mrs. Bennet's daughters. Lady Catherine de Bourgh had influenced Mr. Collins into marriage. She told him, 'Mr. Collins, you must marry. A clergyman like you must marry. Choose properly, choose a gentlewomen for my sake; and for your own, let her be an active, useful sort of person, not brought up high, but able to make a small income go a good way.' Mr. Collins thought Lizzy fitted Lady Catherine de Boughs advice, and he thought a marriage would add very greatly to his happiness. Mr. Collins proposed to Lizzy, he was calm and collected. He spoke arrogantly, and what he said seemed well planned and rehearsed. He informed her of all the reasons for marrying her, but not one of them included or implied that he wished to marry her for love. This reason was the most important to Lizzy and ... ...ch other by looks Lydia goes for Wickham because he’s in a soldiers suite, and Wickham for Lydia because she’s a young lady. They ran away and done something which is not expected from people of such high class. It did happen at the time but mainly by working class people, it was not often for it to be seen by people like Lydia and Wickham. This brought shame upon the Bennet family and now Lydia and Wickham has to get married, Lydia being a young and impractical girl does not know what is going on, but Mr. Wickham now regrets getting married to Lydia seeing as how dim-witted she is, likewise Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet. Mr. Bennet is now stuck with her and spends most his time in the library away from Mrs. Bennet and her annoying yelling and screaming. Also Elizabeth and Jane getting a marriage proposal from people like Bingley and Darcy was very unlikely.

Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd

The nymphs reply to the shepherd is a pastoral poem about how a nymph responded to the love being asked by a shepherd. This is in reference to an ideal world which the nymph requires for them to be able to love each other. All throughout the poem, the nymph’s response to the love being given by the shepherd was all about reject. She could have loved the shepherd, if only they’d be in a different situation that what they are in that time. It is a poem about hope, yet in the end, the shepherd would just lose hope, as the nymph requires a very ideal setting for their love to flourish. One aspect which was emphasized in this poem is the inevitability of change, with reference to aging and death. Here, the nymph tells the shepherd that their love could have been possible if it would be eternal, and would exist all throughout time. However, just like the fading of flowers, the fancy of spring and sorrow of fall, things between them would surely change. The shepherd would grow old whilst the nymph would remain young with nature. At the end of the poem, the nymph directly stated that if only youth could last and love would still breed, as well as joy would not fade and none of them will age, then the nymph could stay with the shepherd and be his love. The poem uses the iambic tetrameter, wherein each line contains four iambs or two syllables which are the units of rhythm. The first syllable of this unstressed while the second syllable is stressed. Instead of using metaphors, the poem uses similes to describe one thing or attribute it to another. This is effectively used to describe the constraints why the nymph could not love the shepherd back.

Dell 4p’s of the Marketing Mix Essay

Introduction of Dell Inc. Dell Inc. is a multinational technology corporation that develops, manufactures, sells, and supports personal computer and other computer related-products. Dell Inc. based in Round Rock, Texas. Dell Inc. employs more than 82,700 people worldwide. Dell Inc. grew during the 1980s and 1990s to become (for a time) the largest seller of PCs and servers. As of 2008 it held the second spot in computer sales within the industry behind HP. The company currently sells personal computers, servers, data storage devices, network switches, software and computer peripherals. Dell Inc. also sells HDTVs that are manufactured by other brands. In 2006, Fortune Magazine ranked Dell Inc. as the 25th-largest company in the Fortune 500 list, 8th on its annual â€Å"Top 20† list of the most admired companies in the United States, In 2007 Dell Inc. ranked 34th and 8th respectively on the equivalent lists for the year. A 2006 identified Dell Inc. as one of 38 high-performance companies in the S&P 500 w hich had consistently out-performed the market over the previous 15 years. History Background and Origins While a student at the University of Texas at Austin in 1984, Michael Dell founded the company as PC’s Limited with capital of $1000.[5] Operating from Michael Dell’s off-campus dorm-room at Dobie Center [1], the startup aimed to sell IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Michael Dell started trading in the belief that by selling personal computer-systems directly to customers, PC’s Limited could better understand customers’ needs and provide the most effective computing solutions to meet those needs. Michael Dell dropped out of school in order to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting about $300,000 in expansion-capital from his family. Dell Inc.’s Marketing 4P From the successful selling of the range of products being offered by Dell Inc, especially the rapid increase of the sales of Dell Laptop, other than the established brand name and the reputation of Dell Inc. worldwide, part of the success factors can be attributed to the successful marketing effort by Dell Inc. In this assignment, we will be doing a research on the Marketing 4Ps Mix (product, promotion, price, place) being implemented by Dell Inc to market the range of home users’ laptops. [pic] PRODUCT As for the case study of Dell Inc, the point on product worth highlighting is that, the vision and mission of setting up the company itself, is to solve and fulfill IT consumers’ needs, want, and demands. The original idea of setting up the company by Michael Dell, the founder of Dell Inc, is â€Å"to eliminate the retailer and sell directly to the consumer†. To quote Michael Dell, he said this before, â€Å"as a customer, I was disappointed that when I  went to a computer store, the salespeople didn’t really know about computers†. This shows that Michael Dell has had the vision and commitment of satisfy the IT consumers’ needs, wants and demands, which is the essence of a product means to consumers. The above paragraphs summed up the commitment of Dell Inc.’s to solve IT consumers’ needs, wants and demands, which in and of itself is an excellent product marketing. Dell’s Laptops/ Notebooks From the above diagram, it shows the each category of Dell’s laptops for home users caters for different home users’ with different needs and wants. Guides and Assistance Provided by Dell Inc. In Purchasing its Laptops For the potential buyers of Dell’s laptops, they are provided with guide and assistance in the process of selecting and purchasing laptops. Below are the guides and assistance being provided by Dell Inc for its potential  laptop buyers: (1) â€Å"Customize Yours† feature Dell Inc offers the â€Å"Customize Yours† feature, this feature help with the laptop buyers to build their own laptops, yes, literally building their own laptops, they can choose on their own the notebook colour kit, processor, operating system, warranty and service, display size, memory, hard drive, optical drive, video card, audio solution, wireless network card, Bluetooth device, USB cable for printer, batteries, power option, keyboard, service, Datasafe Backup Service. The options for each feature and accessory come with a stated price, while the basic feature is imposed no extra charges, as they are already included in the quotes price. Only upgraded and added-value features and accessories come with extra charges. After the laptop buyers built the laptops that fit exactly what they are looking for, they can review the laptop, there will be a list shown on every specification of the laptops they have built before adding to the cart. Also, the price for every component, feature and specification being picked by the buyer are stated clearly when the buyers are reviewing the laptop they built. This â€Å"customize yours† feature in and of itself is an effective marketing, as the buyers can buy exactly what they are looking for, without buying something that â€Å"comes with the package† that they are actually not looking for, but they have to pay for it just to buy the package. This â€Å"customize yours† shows that the home users’ laptops Dell Inc offers provide solutions to consumers’ needs and wants, which is the essence of a marketing offering. (2) â€Å"Help Me Choose† feature The picture above shows the â€Å"Help Me Choose† feature being offered to assist with laptop buyers on the Dell Online Store. As we can see the this feature gives detailed information to buyers in order to guide them through the purchasing process by furnishing them the information regarding the products, the specifications of the products, the financing and payments options, the access to Dell stores and retailer, the term of laptops, the awards won by Dell laptops, the reviews by Dell laptops’ customers, and also the online buying guide. This feature ensures the potential buyers can buy  exactly the laptops that fit their needs, at the same time, this feature also makes the potential and actual buyers know more in-depth of the laptops Dell Inc offers, this in turn would make the buyers patronizing Dell Inc in future when they need another type of laptops, as they already have the information on the wide range of features and specification being offered by Dell Inc. (3) â€Å"Narrow Your Selection† feature This â€Å"Narrow Your Selection† feature helps with the buyers to be more specific with what they want. When comes to a broad array of selection, buyers are often being not able to make up their mind in choosing which model to purchase. This is when this â€Å"Narrow Your Selection† comes into help to the buyers. The buyers can have a look on the each range of product that are being categorized into a more specific that might interest them rather than being confused on which one to purchase. Conclusion From the above information regarding the commitment of Dell Inc in offering laptops that fit each and every user’s needs, the features and specifications of Dell’s home user laptops, and also the purchasing process guides and assistance. These all come to one conclusion: Dell Inc custom-builds a laptop that fits each and every customer’s needs, wants and demands. This effort in and of itself is a brilliant product marketing strategy. PROMOTION In terms of promotion, Dell Inc. not only launches and implements one-time event such as road-show or advertisement when new products come out, but Dell Inc commits to continuously promote and make-known its products to the market. Dell Inc. does not practice aggressive selling in order just to increase sales transactions, but focuses on long-term promotion effort through (1) supporting its customers continuously, (2) giving effective and efficient after-sales services, and (3) conducting a customer review and feedback mechanism. (4) Contributing in charities. (1)Dell Inc.’s Continuous and Long-Term Promotion Long-term customer support system and feedback mechanism in and of itself are  the best promotion tools. The followings are the customer support systems and feedback mechanism being run by Dell Inc in its long-term effort in giving its customers value and satisfaction. (a) Dell Connect In mid 2007, Dell Inc introduced a new tool and technology, named Dell Connect. Dell Connect is an online technology that enables the tech staff to connect to the customer’s computer and fix problems on the spot or show the customers how to do it. For IT products such as laptops, after-sales service would be one of the primary concerns to customers, as laptops need regular and frequent services, updates, and upgrades. Hence, Dell Connect would be an attractive feature in promoting its laptops to the market. (b) Idea Storm On February 16, 2007, the company rolled out IdeaStorm, which is a forum for users to brainstorm what works, what does not and what new features they would like to see introduced. Here to quote Michael Dell: â€Å"We take the customer’s input and design the products and services.† Rather than telling the customers and the market what new products and ideas that Dell Inc has come out with, Dell Inc gives the customers and the market to have a say on the input and design. When the customers and the market have some say, they will feel being considered and treasured, which in turn Dell Inc succeeds in delivering customer delight. This in and of itself is a promotion of Dell Inc. (c) Customer Product Reviews For each and every model of Dell’s laptops, there will be a forum for its existing customers who bought the particular laptop model to write their own product reviews, they can also rate the laptop model in terms of quality, features, and value. Other than that, they can comment on the pros and cons of the particular laptop model. The customers are also allowed to give any additional thoughts that they have regarding the laptop model. This â€Å"customer product review† in and of itself is similar to word-of-mouth marketing. This marketing approach is many times powerful than any marketing  plans. As what a customer says is has much more influence and carries more impact on the company’s reputation and image rather than what an advertisement says. How the previous and existing customers perceive a company and product can influence a company’s position in a marketplace to a large extent. As so, Dell Inc’s decision of allowing the customers to write the product reviews shows that Dell Inc is confident on its laptops and proves Dell Inc’s integrity and transparency, at the same time, hence, the customer product reviews written by the customers act as a marketing tool itself. (2) Dell’s effort on charity contribution (a) Dell participation in PRODUCT (RED) Scheme PRODUCT RED is a worldwide charity scheme that runs with the vision of eliminating AIDS in Africa Continent. This charity concept operates by getting the contribution from the sales of signature products of top brands in the world, like American Express, Apple, Converse, Emporio Armani, Gap, Hallmark, Starbucks, and etc. And Dell Inc. is one of the participants among them. Dell will be selling computers as part of the PRODUCT (RED) scheme. According to the press release, â€Å"one hundred percent of the funds contributed† from the purchase of a Dell (RED) computer under the scheme goes to the Global Fund, the charity supported by PRODUCT (RED). The amount of money contributed depends on the product purchased: $80 is donated for each desktop purchased, $50 for each notebook and $5 for each (relatively inexpensive) printer. Dell Inc.’s participation in the PRODUCT (RED) actually proves 2 things: (1) Dell Inc. is concern for the world and social’s well-being, Dell Inc.’s effort in its social marketing campaigns is a promotion of Dell Inc. itself. (3) Collaboration With Local Newspaper Press for Brochure Distribution Locally in Malaysia, Dell Inc distributes its brochures through the Tuesday Star In-Tech, which is a weekly issue on latest news and updates on technology that comes with every The Star newspaper bought. This approach of distributing the brochures to the public is an effective and efficient strategy for the following reasons: (1) The Star newspaper is the best-selling English Newspaper in Malaysia, (2) The brochure comes with the  Tuesday Star In-Tech, which is the favorite for regular IT consumers, is more specific in targeting markets with higher potential of purchasing its products, (3) The brochure distribution through the sales of newspaper is one of the most effective way of reaching the mass public, thus creating an product awareness in the market once a new product being introduced into the market. The above points show that Dell Inc.’s promotion effort in letting the mass public and the market in getting know about their products in an effective yet not a cost-consu ming approach as the brochures printing and distribution costs would be insignificant to a giant corporation like Dell Inc. Conclusion From the above observation and research on Dell Inc.’s overall promotion effort, it is shown that Dell Inc. has established promotion channels which connects with its existing customers, also, reaches out to the entire market. And those promotion channels are being implemented successfully. PRICE When comes to the price of Dell’s marketing offering, it is worth once again touch on the founder of Dell Inc, Michael Dell’s authentic vision. At the time that he founded PC’s Limited (now Dell Inc), IBM personal computers sold in stores for about $3000, after Michael Dell taking them apart and rebuilding them, he realized that the components could be purchased for one-fourth the price. Even with added memory, bigger monitors and faster modems, the PCs could still be sold at a handsome profit. The philosophy of Dell Inc on pricing decision is simple yet powerful: give more benefits with lower prices than others. Means purchasing Dell’s laptops is a value-for-money and added-value experience. Dell’s Home Users Laptops Pricing In the research of Dell Inc’s pricing decisions on its home users laptops, the following points worth highlighting: (1) Online Price (discounted)   For all the laptops, buyers get a discount if they were to purchase the laptops online. This is a win-win situation for both the customers and Dell Inc. As online selling saves up the retailing costs for Dell Inc, as for the  customers, other than getting discounted price for their laptops, online purchase is hassle free to them, the customers need not to visit the physical Dell Stores to check out the models available, by visiting the Dell Online Store, the customers can check out all the models available at one glance, only a-click-away. (2) Buy and Pay for only what you want ( â€Å"Customize Yours† feature) The â€Å"Customize Yours† feature that allows the buyers to decide on the almost every specification of the laptops they are going to buy is also a good pricing decision by Dell Inc. A case study has been done to prove the pricing decision of Dell Inc that commits to accommodate consumers’ needs and wants. Case Study 1: The rationale of conducting this case study is to prove Dell Inc makes its effort to offer more different models for even a same price. From the comparison between Dell Inspiron 14 and Dell Inspiron 1525, the price are the same for these two models. Both of the models are more or less the same in terms of performance, the difference is that the size of the screen. As  for Dell Inspiron 14, the monitor is 14.1† WXGA Display with AntiGlare. As for Dell Inspiron 1525, the monitor is 15.4† widescreen WXGA TFT Display. That means these two models accommodate different customers’ needs, for those customers that are particular with laptop memory and hard drive space would forgo a bigger screen size and go for Dell Inspiron 14, on the other hand, for customers that looking for a laptop with bigger screen size would not mind buying smaller hard drive space. Hence, both segments of customers can purchase what they want at the price they are willing to pay. This solve one of the biggest marketplace and market offerings problem, some companies offer only one model for one price range, assuming that â€Å"one size fits all† strategy would work, in the end, causing the customers paying for what they are not willing to purchase for the sake of purchasing something that â€Å"comes with the package†, for Dell’s laptops buyers, this situation would not happen. Hence, the price being paid by customers to buy Dell’s laptops match with the benefits that the customers demand. This pricing strategy saves up customers’ money at the same time delivering customer satisfactions and expectations. (3) 0% Installment Scheme Buyers that purchasing Dell’s laptops can choose not to make one-off payment but an installment scheme. The good thing about Dell’s laptop installment scheme is that is a 0% interest scheme. This scheme is consider an assistance to the consumers and contribution to the society as well, as the scheme availability allows those customers that are not able to make full payment upon purchasing to own a laptop by paying through an installment scheme. Conclusion Viewing Dell Inc from the perspective of marketing 4Ps in terms of price, one conclusion can be drawn, buying Dell’s laptops is a value-for-money experience, as Dell Inc offers more benefits for less price, also, customers pay for only what they want exactly. In a nutshell, Dell’s pricing strategies and decisions make a good marketing plan in terms of price marketing. PLACE Dell Inc.’s Online Store Among the giant IT companies and manufacturers, Dell Inc. is the company that  is the most successful with online selling, facts and figures show that its online sales make up a significant number from its total sales, meaning that Dell Inc sells more through the internet than the traditional retailing method. The online selling and purchasing concept is popular with the young generations and also the tech-savvy. The concept of online store, online selling and purchasing not only penetrates virtually the every corner of the world, so long as there is internet-access, there is access to Dell Inc.’s Online Stores. Plus the fact that the purchasing enquiry, the models and specifications selection, and payment methods can be done online, in brief, the A-Z of the purchasing process can be done without the customer physically present at a physical Dell Store, makes Dell Inc reaching out to a worldwide market, and relating with its customers and potential customers directly. According to a survey, alone in the United States, some 65% of American online users now use the internet to shop, and the growth of online shoppers is rapid. Since the rapid development of the digital age and the invention of internet, direct marketing is being highly valued, as some marketers have hailed direct marketing as the â€Å"marketing model of the next century†. They envision a day when all buying and selling will involve direct connections between companies and their customers. And what should be highlighted here is that Dell Inc is already on the right track, and being established on the right track. This online store concept give Dell Inc. advantages over other laptops and PCs manufacturers which still operating a traditional retailing or agent distribution. The main advantages include (a) Operating an online store costs much less compared to traditional retailing and agent distribution. (b) The access to online store is always available at anytime and anywhere, so long as there is internet-access. Dell Kiosks Although the concept of online buying and selling is popular and being used by the wide market, it may still be unappealing to some customers. Some customers are still prefer the idea of visiting a physical retailer store, talk to the salesperson, seeing and touching the products physically, â€Å"get the feel† of the products, in short, a traditional purchasing process rather than purchasing the products directly online and have it sent to the door.  Dell Inc. is aware of this too, although the company is making huge revenues from it online selling. This means that Dell Inc. is a customer-oriented company, which strives to cater for every customer needs and wants, also, accommodates the exchange experiences which are comfortable to each customer. Dell Inc.’s effort in setting up the Dell Kiosks, employing the required staffing, and maintaining the operations of the Dell Kiosks show that Dell Inc. is committed to make its customers feel at home and their preferences a re being valued and not taken lightly. Conclusion In a nutshell, from the operations of both Dell Online Store and the physical Dell Kiosks, they are successful in terms of customers’ access, enquiry availability, and customers’ convenience. These show Dell Inc.’s success in its place marketing strategy. CONCLUSION Dell Inc.’s strategies on it marketing mix 4Ps are in good alignment and working cross-functionally, all the areas are synergizing and supporting one another in term of product, promotion, price and place. Product A good product is a marketing offering that comes it ways to solve consumers’ problems and satisfy consumers’ needs. Dell Inc. not only makes quality products, but the products are also being designed to fit each and every customer’s needs and want. Promotion Dell Inc.’s effort on promotion is not only profit-oriented or with the sole aim of boosting sales transactions, but also to make Dell a name that equals to quality product. Thus, Dell Inc.’s promotion not only very successful in generating revenues, but also created a lasting impact and an established name in the IT market. Price Dell Inc.’s price marketing and pricing decision has fulfilled the premise of a successful pricing strategy, which â€Å"giving customers the most by charging them the least†, this is one of the most important factors that attributes to Dell Inc. success. Place Dell Inc.’s place marketing gives its customers the most convenient and  comfortable ways to shop with Dell’s products. Dell Inc. caters for all kinds of shopping experiences that its customers demand for. In overall, Dell Inc.’s marketing 4Ps has been very successful, and that there is a point that worth mentioning, its marketing 4Ps is a continuous effort and it continues to make a lasting impact for its company success.